Quiz 1 (part 2)

• Metabolism is the ability to coordinate a wide variety of chemical reactions that make a cell
• Central Dogma is the study of cellular information flow and control
• ACGT are the "letters" or nucleotides used in cellular DNA
• A codon is a combination of 3 nucleotides that represent an amino acid
• Genome is the complete information of an organism's DNA
• Bases are a feature of DNA important in information preservation
• Origins of Replication are the location or place where replication begins
• Replication Origin is the predetermined site where replication starts
• DNA Helicases cause the breakage of hydrogen bonds between DNA strands at the origin
• Replication Forks are structures formed when the DNA strand is opened
• DNA Polymerase synthesizes DNA during replication
• Okazaki Fragments are the term for DNA fragments on the lagging strand
• Ligases cause DNA fragments to join
• Ribozyme mediates RNA synthesis
• Transcription is a "message" wherein multiple genes are controlled by one promoter
• Glycosylation is the addition of sugars to the protein structure
• Prokaryotes are capable of simultaneous transcription and translation
• Translation is the term to describe treatments a polypeptide undergoes after being released from the ribosome
• mRNA separates the encoded protein from the ribosome
• Positive Sense segments have sense in RNA
• An anticodon is found in t-RNA that matches the nucleotides on the RNA
• RNA Splicing is the process RNA undergoes to remove nonsense segments
• tRNA is used by the ribosome to detect the first nucleotide combination so the encoded amino acids can be transferred
• Methionine is a special amino acid encoded at the start of translation
• The 5' Cap end is modified by the addition of a guanine nucleotide with a methyl group attached
• AUG is the "word" or 3 nucleotide combination to start translation
• The Poly-A Tail is a string of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end
• Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA)
• Large and Small Subunit are two subparts of the ribosome used during translation
• IF1, IF2, and IF3 are special proteins needed during the start of the translation process
• Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP) is the source of energy at the start of the translation process