socio-cultural influences

• participation rates= the number of people taking part in physical activity
• socio-economic

  -splits people by job/profession

  reasons for differences in participation:

  • cost - some sports cost more than others
  • availability - some sports are harder to get to than others
  • time - people have family and work commitments so don't have much time to do certain activities
• gender

  reasons for differences in participation:

  • image - stereotypes separate some sports into 'male' and 'female' categories (for example, dance and netball may be seen as a female sport, deterring men to participate in them)
  • cost - female generally earn less than men
  • time - women may have restricted time if they spend more time looking after the home/children
• age

  reasons for differences in participation:

  • access - some sport facilities have certain time periods open for specific age categories
  • cost - money may be needed to pay bills rather than sport
  • time - older people will have jobs and therefore work commitments which restricts their time to play sport
  • nature of the activity - some activities may be harder to participate in as you get older
• ethnic groups = people are grouped based on their culture or specific origin
• ethnicity

  reasons for differences in participation:

  • cultural influences - family or peers influencing whether someone does or doesn't do an activity
  • stereotyping - people from particular backgrounds are steered towards or away from certain activities
  • cost - socio-economic grouping may mean that certain ethnic groups have less money to spend on sport
• disability

  reasons for differences in participation:

  • availability - lack of sports clubs/facilities in the area
  • cost - specialist equipment can be expensive
  • access - ramps or pool hoists may not be installed in the facilities so physical barriers become a problem
  • stereotyping - either the person with the disability thinking they can't participate, or someone else assuming that because they are disabled they cannot participate
• commercialisation= the sale, display, or use of sport to generate income
• sponsorship= provision, funds, or other forms of support to an event, activity, team or person in return of commercial publicity
• golden triangle

  sport:

  • visual
  • high-skill
  • spectacular

  media:

  • tv
  • internet
  • radio

  sponsors:

  • companies
  • products
  • services
• golden triangle - relationships

  media:

  • sell adverts
  • sell subscriptions
  • sell pay-per-view

  sponsors:

  • display product
  • publicity
  • brand awareness/market share
  • household name

  sport (positives)

  • sell rights
  • better pay for players
  • athletes become full time
  • sport becomes professionalised

  sport (negatives)

  • needs to change format
  • playing times change
  • negative role models
  • pressure