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• • Talkative type: prone to exaggeration and adding irrelevant or new matters to their narration. Skillful investigator can prune unnecessary matters from relevant ones
  • Honest witness: truthful and cooperative, reliable for the investigator
  • Deceitful witness: liar type. Let them lie and order to repeat the narration several times to enmesh in contradictions. Tape record lies for confrontation about contradictions, pressure for possible cases of perjury or obstruction of justice to reveal the truth
• Types of Witnesses:

  • Know nothing type: reluctant witness found among the uneducated and of low level of intelligence. Technique: be with their level of intelligence and use interrogation
  • Disinterested type: uncooperative and indifferent subject. Technique: find out their field of interest to make them talk, demolish indifference to arouse interest or flatter instead
  • Drunken type: questioning style should be adapted to the psychological state of the subject. Conduct another interview when sober, confront about disclosures made while drunk, take written statement during sobriety
• • Timid witness: shy witness. Approach must be friendly and reassuring, assure confidentiality of information
  • Refusal to talk witness: most difficult to deal with. Find out the reason for their personality such as trauma, shock, fear, hatred, etc. Remove these obstacles so they start talking
• Interrogation:

  • Vigorous and confrontational questioning of a reluctant suspect about their participation in the commission of a crime
  • Confrontational in the sense that the investigator places the guilt of the accused
  • Applied to uncooperative or recalcitrant suspect/witness
• Qualities of a Good Investigator:

  • Perseverance: steadfastness, persistence, and resolution to bring desired conclusions despite obstacles
  • Endurance: ability to last physically and mentally, enduring sleepless nights and tiresome days
  • Incorruptible honesty and integrity: resisting temptations over money, women, and drinks
  • Wisdom of Solomon: ability to decipher falsehood from truth
  • Acting activity: ability to interact with individuals from various backgrounds during investigations
• • Oral and Written Communication: basic knowledge of both forms of communication for accurate fact-finding and report preparation
  • Observation and description: keen observation skills and accurate description for crime scene investigations and interviews
  • Courage: moral fortitude to tell the truth regardless of consequences
  • Knowledge of laws: basic understanding of legal matters related to investigations
  • Power to read between the lines: ability to interpret words or phrases for deeper meanings
• • Technical knowledge: capability in defense tactics, firearms use, and other practical skills for solo confrontations, arrests, and interrogations
• Intent and motive of informant
• Three Elements of Crime:

  • Motive
  • Opportunity
  • Instrumentality
• Common motives of informants in providing information:

  • Civic-mindedness: sense of duty to assist the police
  • Fear: providing information due to oppression or impending danger
  • Gratitude or gain: providing information for personal or family welfare
  • Jealousy: driven by resentment towards others' accomplishments
  • Remuneration: informing for monetary or material gain
  • Repentance: showing regret for past actions
  • Revenge: seeking vengeance or retaliation
  • Vanity: wanting attention and importance from the police
• Common motives of informants:

  • Reward
  • Revenge
  • Fear
  • Avoidance of punishment
  • Friendship
  • Patriotism
  • Vanity