finals pt 2

• What is the largest virus family?

  Bunyaviridae
• How many member viruses are in Bunyaviridae?

  350 member viruses
• What are the five genera of Bunyaviridae?

  • Orthobunyavirus
  • Hantavirus
  • Nairovirus
  • Phlebovirus
  • Tospovirus
• What type of cycle does Orthobunyavirus have?

  Arthropod-vertebrate-arthropod cycle
• How does Hantavirus cycle occur?

  Vertebrate-vertebrate cycles without arthropod vectors
• What is the main vector for Nairovirus?

  Arthropod-vertebrate-arthropod cycle
• What type of cycle does Phlebovirus have?

  Arthropod-vertebrate-arthropod cycle
• How is Tospovirus transmitted?

  Transmitted between plants by thrips
• What are important diseases caused by Bunyaviridae?

  Congenital fetal malformation and hemorrhagic fever
• What type of virus is Bunyaviridae?

  Enveloped, segmented negative-sense RNA
• What are the three segments of Bunyaviridae RNA?

  • Large (L): encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  • Medium (M): encodes glycoproteins Gn and Gc
  • Small (S): encodes nucleoprotein (N) or nonstructural proteins (NSc)
• What do Bunyaviridae viruses have in their envelope?

  Glycoprotein spikes but no matrix protein
• Is Hantavirus arthropod-borne?

  No, it is not arthropod-borne
• What type of infections do Hantaviruses cause in rodent hosts?

  Persistent infection with virus shedding
• How is Hantavirus transmitted to humans?

  Through direct contact with infected rodents
• What syndrome does Hantavirus cause in humans (Old World)?

  Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
• What are the Hantaviruses associated with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome?

  • Hantaan Virus
  • Dobrava-Belgrade Virus
  • Seoul Virus
  • Puumala Virus
• What syndrome does Hantavirus cause in humans (New World)?

  Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
• What are the Hantaviruses associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

  • Sin Nombre Virus
  • New York Virus
  • Black Creek Canal Virus
  • Bayou Virus
  • Andes Virus
• What are common clinical signs in humans infected with Hantavirus?

  Fever, myalgia, headache, nausea, cough
• What are the two viruses in the Nairovirus genus mentioned?

  • Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus
  • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
• What does Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus target?

  Sheep and goats
• Where is Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus enzootic?

  Eastern Africa
• What are the effects of Orthobunyavirus infections?

  • Causes arthrogryposis
  • Causes hydranencephaly
• How are Orthobunyavirus viruses transmitted?

  Transmitted by mosquitoes
• What are the Orthobunyavirus viruses mentioned?

  • Akabane Virus
  • Schmallenberg Virus
  • Cache Valley Virus
  • La Crosse
• What is Rift Valley Fever Virus known for?

  • Arthropod-borne
  • Enzootic in Africa
  • Hosts: Humans, Sheep, Goats, Cattle
  • Causes systemic disease, hepatitis, abortion
• What is the largest virus family?

  Bunyaviridae
• How many genera are in the Bunyaviridae family?

  5 genera
• What are the five genera of Bunyaviridae?

  • Orthobunyavirus
  • Hantavirus
  • Nairovirus
  • Phlebovirus
  • Tospovirus
• What type of cycle does Orthobunyavirus have?

  Arthropod-vertebrate-arthropod cycle
• How is Hantavirus disseminated?

  By rodents
• What type of cycles does Hantavirus have?

  Vertebrate-vertebrate cycles
• What diseases are associated with Bunyaviridae?

  Congenital fetal malformation and hemorrhagic fever
• What type of virus is Bunyaviridae?

  Enveloped, segmented negative-sense RNA
• How many segments does the Bunyaviridae genome have?

  3 segments
• What does the Large (L) segment of Bunyaviridae encode?

  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
• What does the Medium (M) segment of Bunyaviridae encode?

  Polyprotein for glycoproteins Gn and Ge
• What does the Small (S) segment of Bunyaviridae encode?

  Nucleoprotein (N) and nonstructural proteins
• What is a characteristic feature of Bunyaviridae's envelope?

  Glycoprotein spikes without matrix protein