2.5 - metabolism and adverse conditions

• What are 2 adaptation strategies for organisms to deal with adverse conditions?

  • dormancy
  • migration
• What are the 2 types of dormancy?

  • predictive
  • consequential
• Dormancy is used to survive adverse conditions whereas migration is used to avoid adverse conditions
• During dormancy there is a decrease in:

  • Metabolic rate
  • heart rate
  • breathing rate
  • body temperature
• Advantage of consequential dormancy?

  organisms are active and utilising resources for longer
• Disadvantage of consequential dormancy?

  if organisms cannot enter dormancy after onset of adverse conditions, death is likely
• What is predictive dormancy?

  occurs before the onset of adverse conditions
• What is consequential dormancy?

  occurs after the onset of adverse conditions
• What are 3 common examples of dormancy?

  • hibernation (winter sleep)
  • aestivation (summer sleep)
  • daily torpor (power nap)
• Define hibernation?

  dormancy brought about by low temperature
• Define aestivation?

  dormancy brought about by high temperature
• Define daily torpor?

  daily period of dormancy for organisms with high metabolic rates
• how does migration avoid metabolic adversity?

  Expending energy to relocate to a more suitable environment. Often long distance movement on a seasonal basis
• What are the 2 types of migration?

  • innate
  • learned
• What is innate behaviour?

  inherited and inflexible
• What is learned behaviour?

  gained by experience and flexible
• What are 3 external signs of migration?

  • decreased day length
  • decreased air temperature
  • Change in air pressure
• How can migration be tracked?

  • individual marking
  • tracking devices