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HIGHER BIOLOGY
UNIT 2
2.4 - metabolism in conformers and regulators
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Eilidh Robertson
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Cards (27)
what is a conformer?
an organism whose
internal environment
is dependent upon their
external environment.
they derive
heat
from
surroundings
give 2 example of conformers?
lizards
and
snakes
conformers have
lower
metabolic costs and occupy a
narrower
range of ecological niches
define a regulator?
an organism that
maintains
their
internal environment
regardless of
external environment.
they derive
heat
from their
metabolism
regulators have
higher
metabolic costs and occupy a
wider
range of
ecological niches
advantages of conformers ?
lower metabolic costs
can
tolerate
variation in
external environment
due to
behavioural responses
advantages of regulators?
occupy
wider
range of
niches
adaptable
to
environmental
change
define homeostasis ?
the
maintenance
of the
internal environment
of an organism within
tolerable limits
despite changes in the
external environment
Name species x and y
A)
Conformer
B)
Regulator
1
Homeostasis
can also be called
negative feedback
define thermoregulation?
the ability of an organism to
control
its
internal body temperature
despite changes in
external temperature
why is thermoregulation important for mammals?
their
metabolism
is dependent on
enzymes
, which are
temperature
dependent
they need to maintain
high diffusion rates
to maintain
metabolism
what is the hypothalamus?
temperature monitoring centre within the
brain
how does the hypothalamus contribute to homeostasis?
regulate
temperature
Stages of homeostasis?
Receptors
->
control centre
->
messenger
->
effector
->
corrective response
->
system switched off
define receptor?
detects
changes
in
conditions
outwith normal
limits
define control centre?
determines
optimum level
of
internal environment
and causes
response
when
conditions
are
outwith
this
define messenger?
carries message from
control centre
to
effector
Define effector?
organ
which
responds
define corrective response?
reverses original change
and then switches off
Corrective responses for an increase in body temperature ?
sweating
vasodilation
hair erector muscles
relax
decreased metabolic rate
corrective responses for a decrease in body temperature?
shivering
vasoconstriction
hair erector
muscle
contract
increased metabolic
rate
decrease
in
sweat
production
how does sweating cool down an organism?
body heat is used to
evaporate water
in the
sweat
,
cooling
the
skin
how does vasodilation cool down an organism?
increased
blood flow
to the skin increases
heat loss
how does shivering increase body temperature?
skeletal muscle
contraction
generates
heat
how does hair erector muscles contracting increase body temperature?
raises
hairs,
trapping
layer of
insulating
air
what is the importance of thermoregulation?
optimal enzyme activity
and
high diffusion rates
to
maintain metabolism