Chapter 2, kinetic particle theory

• What is kinetic particle theory


  It states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant random motion.
• particles arrangement

  solid : vey closely packed in an orderly manner

  liquid : closely packed in a disorderly manner

  gas : very far apart in a disorderly manner
• attractive forces between particles

  solid : very strong

  liquid : less strong

  gas : very weak
• Kinetic energy of particles

  Solid : very low

  liquid : low

  gas : high
• particle movement

  solid : vibrate and rotate about fixed positions

  liquid : slide past one another freely throughout the liquid

  gas : move quickly and randomly in any direction
• shape, volume, compressibility

  solid : definite, definite, no

  liquid : indefinite, definite, no

  gas : indefinite, indefinite, yes
• Identify drawing

  Liquid

  must have gaps but gaps cannot fit a particle

  
• Identify the letters ( processes )

  A-boiling/ evaporation

  b- condensation

  c- melting

  d- freezing

  e-sublimation

  f- vapour deposition / condensation

  
• define diffusion

  the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
• factors that affect diffusion

  1. temperature
  2. particle mass
• why does the increase of temperature increase the rate of diffusion

  more thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy o particles
• why does an increase in particle mass decrease the rate of diffusion

  particles with higher mass require more kinetic energy to move at the same speed
• Why does temperature stay constant when changing heat

  Thermal energy taken in from surroundings by particles are used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles. No heat energy is converted into kinetic energy of the particles, thus the temperature stays constant