ai-created (5)

• How did the attempts to alter the succession in 1553 threaten dynastic security?

  They posed a serious threat to stability
• What happened to Edward's health in 1553?

  It began to deteriorate
• Who developed the plot to alter the succession?

  Northumberland
• Who did Northumberland's son marry?

  Lady Jane Grey (LJG)
• What was the purpose of naming LJG as Edward's successor?

  To preserve Northumberland's power
• What significant document was devised in May 1553?

  The Devise for the Succession
• How was the Devise for the Succession altered in June 1553?

  LJG was named heir instead of her children
• When did Edward die?

  6th July 1553
• What was done with the news of Edward's death?

  It was kept quiet until the devise was signed
• How did the Privy Council respond to Mary’s claims of legitimacy?

  They supported LJG as the heir
• When was LJG proclaimed ruler?

  10th July 1553
• How seriously did the attempts to alter the succession in 1553 threaten dynastic security? NOT SERIOUS

  • Mary responded to alter and sent letter to Privy Council claiming she was the rightful ruler
  • Mary proclaimed herself queen in East Anglia and managed to muster large army
  • Northumberland had to leave London, gained no support and privy council reconsidered views
  • Northumberland retreated to Cambridgeshire and proclaimed Mary queen
  • Northumberland, LJG & Dudley = executed in Feb 1554
• How serious a threat to the power of the monarchy was a female ruler?

  Was:

  • previous rule by Matilda in 1100s resulted in civil war
  • fears women would be unable to control faction, lead army and marry husband who they would become subservient to (biggest fear)
  • if Mary married Englishman: his family increase in power
  • if Mary married foreigner: he would dominate foreign affairs
  • fears Philip would lead Mary into unnecessary wars

  Was not:

  • Mary’s skill defeated Wyatt
• Did the marriage of Mary to Philip cause a crisis?

  • Philip = Mary’s preference over Courtenay due to link to mother
  • 27th Oct 1553: announced she would marry him to Parliament
  • 7th Dec 1553: marriage treaty presented to council despite petition from House of Commons
  • January 1554: treaty approved
  • Main concern = Philip drag Mary into wars due to her ‘subservient position’ -> Act of Parliament sorted it out
  • Wyatt’s rebellion
• Evidence the Wyatt Rebellion WAS a threat

  • 6 months after defeat of LJG
  • plotting began as soon as rumours of marriage started
  • involved members of political elite (Sir Croft, Sir Wyatt, Sir Carew) -> held office under HVIII & Ed but feared they would loose influence to Spaniards
  • initial plan = four pronged rising in Devon, Kent, Wales and Leicestershire
  • perhaps religiously motivated -Protestant vs Catholic
  • planned to marry Liz to Courtenay
  • Wyatt raised 3000 men
  • royal force sent under Duke of Norfolk deserted & joined rebels
• Evidence the Wyatt Rebellion WAS NOT a threat

  • only Kent uprising came into fruition
  • Wyatt forced to raise forces earlier than planned in middle of winter
  • Wyatt cautious when marching => gave gov. time to prepare
  • M refused to leave London
  • Rebels halted @ London Bridge and Tower where Wyatt surrendered
  • less than 100 rebels executed including Wyatt & Suffolk
  • rebellion did not stop marriage and failed to end dislike of Spaniards
• What financial state did Edward VI inherit from Henry VIII?

  England was bankrupted
• How much did the war with France cost Henry VIII?

  £2 million
• What methods did Henry VIII use to finance the war?

  Borrowed money, sold Crown lands, debased coinage
• What was the consequence of debasing the coinage?

  Resulted in inflation
• What ongoing conflict was Edward VI facing with Scotland?

  The Rough Wooing
• What alliance did Scotland maintain during Edward VI's reign?

  The Auld Alliance with France
• What religious transformation was occurring in England?

  Transformation into another religion
• What potential issue could arise from the religious transformation?

  Potential social uprisings
• What was a consequence of Edward VI's inconsistent foreign policy?

  Possible resentment from other powers
• What was the threat of the Regency Council for Edward VI?

  Could take away his power and influence
• What confusion arose from the 3 Acts of Succession?

  Resulted in a confused picture for the future
• What did the Third Succession Act confirm regarding Edward VI's succession?

  It confirmed Mary Tudor and then Elizabeth.
• Why did Henry VIII issue the Third Succession Act?

  To secure the throne's succession after his death.
• How did the Third Succession Act change previous succession laws?

  It reversed exclusions of Mary and Elizabeth.
• What was Henry VIII's concern regarding Edward's age?

  Edward would be a minor when he became king.
• What did Henry VIII confirm in his will regarding the succession?

  He confirmed the terms of the Third Succession Act.
• What was the purpose of the Regency Council established by Henry VIII?

  To maintain political stability during Edward's minority.
• Who led the 'reformists' in the Regency Council?

  Seymour, later the Duke of Somerset.
• How was the Regency Council undermined?

  By actions of Paget and Denny allowing changes in the King's will at a time when he was close to death & unable to prevent them.
• How old was Edward VI when he succeeded to the throne?

  He was twelve years old.
• Historical examples of minors on the thronebefore Edward

  • Henry III (faced civil war)
  • Richard II (eventually deposed)
• What were the potential consequences of having a minor on the throne?

  • Inability to lead troops in battle
  • Exploitation by other states
  • Risk of returning to civil war
  • Difficulty controlling factional struggles
  • Concerns over image (not seeming powerful or military adept)
• What was the concern regarding a female ruler in sixteenth-century England?

  It could lead to dynastic weakness
• Why was Mary’s marriage a significant issue for her reign?

  It raised concerns about power dynamics