LEC 2: INTRO TO PHLEB

• Tort a wrongful act committed by one person against another that causes harm to the person or his or her property. 
• Assault – threat to touch another person without his or her consent and with the intention of causing fear of harm. 
• Battery – actual harmful touching of a person without his or her consent. 
• Defamation – spoken or written words than can injure a persons reputation. 
• Libel – false defamatory writing that is published. 
• Slander – false and malicious spoken word. 
• Invasion of Privacy – the violation of the patients right to be left alone and the right to be free from unwanted exposure to public view.
• Medical Malpractice – misconduct or lack of skill by a health care professional that results in injury to the patient 
• Negligence – as failure to give reasonable care by the health care provider, must be proven in a malpractice suit. 
• The Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear –

  common tests performed.
• Histopathology/ Histology Section process and stain

  tissues from biopsies, surgery, autopsies

  and frozen sections.
• Histopathology/ Histology Section A pathologist then examines the tissue.
• Coagulation Overall process of hemostasis is

  evaluated; this includes platelets, blood

  vessels, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis,

  inhibitors, and anticoagulant therapy

  (heparin and coumadin)
• Clinical Chemistry automated area
• Clinical Chemistry May perform electrophoresis,

  therapeutic drug monitoring and

  enzyme immunoassays to measure

  substances such as proteins,

  carbohydrates, enzymes and hormones

  and toxicology.
• Blood Bank (Immunohematology) Where blood may be collected, stored, and prepared for transfusion.
• Blood Bank (Immunohematology) Testing procedures involve RBC antigens (Ag) and antibodies (Ab)
• Blood Bank (Immunohematology) Blood from patients and donors is tested for its blood group (ABO) and Rh type. Also tests compatibility (crossmatch)

  between patient and donor.
• Blood Bank (Immunohematology) Detect and identification of abnormal antibodies
• Serology (Immunology) Performs tests to evaluate the body’s immune response; that is, the

  production of antibodies

  (immunoglobulins) and cellular

  activation.
• Microbiology Responsible for the identification of

  pathogenic microorganisms and for

  hospital infection control. In large

  laboratories, the section may be divided

  into bacteriology, mycology,

  parasitology, and virology.
• Microbiology Common tests include Culture and

  Sensitivity and Gram Staining.
• Serology (Immunology)performs tests to evaluate the body’s immune response; that is, the

  production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and cellular

  activation.
• Microbiology Responsible for the identification of

  pathogenic microorganisms and for

  hospital infection control.
• Microbiology Common tests include Culture and

  Sensitivity and Gram Staining.
• Urinalysis Routine screening procedure to detect

  disorders and infections of the kidney

  and to detect metabolic disorders.
• Urinalysis Consists of physical, chemical, and

  microscopic examination of the urine.
• Laboratory Director (Pathologist) is a specialist in the study of disease and works in both clinical

  pathology and anatomical pathology.
• Laboratory Director (Pathologist) Acts as a consultant to physician
• Laboratory Director (Pathologist) Responsibilities include working with the laboratory administrator to establish

  laboratory policies, interpret test results,

  perform bone marrow biopsies and

  autopsies, and diagnose disease from

  tissue specimens or cell preparations
• Laboratory Manager (Administrator) or

  Chief Medical Technologist Responsible for overall technical and administrative management of the

  laboratory
• Technical Supervisor or Section Head MLS with experience and expertise related to the particular laboratory

  section or sections; often have specialty

  certifications on each section
• Medical Laboratory Scientist Has a bachelor’s degree in medical technology and 1 year of training in an

  accredited medical technology / clinical

  laboratory science program.
• Medical Laboratory Scientist Performs laboratory procedures that require independent judgment and

  responsibility with minimal technical

  supervision
• Medical Laboratory Scientist Maintains equipment and records; performs quality assurance and

  preventive maintenance activities related

  to test performance setting
• Phlebotomy “to cut a vein”
• “Phleb” (vein) and tomia (to cut)
• Phlebotomy was called “Bloodletting”
• Draining blood, in ancient times, was

  considered one way to effectively cure the

  body of most ills (often described as “bad

  spirits”), and was often performed using a

  lancet tool
• Barbers took over as they were naturally skilled with sharp objects. (Called Barber- Surgeons.)