Civil Rights

• Civil liberties refer to the fundamental rights and freedoms that belong to individual citizens of a country.
• Examples of civil liberties include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, and the right to due process.
• The Bill of Rights is an important document in American history as it established specific protections against government overreach and ensured certain basic rights were protected by law.
• The Bill of Rights (1689) guaranteed certain basic rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.
• The Civil Rights Act (1964) prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
• The Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms.
• The Third Amendment prohibits quartering soldiers in private homes without consent during peacetime.
• The Voting Rights Act (1965) aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans and other minority groups.
• Substantive rights are rights that


  place limits on the national government
• What are Civil Liberties?

  Civil liberties are rights that are given to citizens and cannot be taken away by the government. They are guaranteed in the Constitution and are characterized as substantive rights, meaning they place limits on the national government.
• Are civil liberties guaranteed in the Constitution?

  `Yes
• If a newspaper publishes an article that defames the character of another person it is called

  libel
• What is slander?

  spoken
• All Americans are guaranteed the freedom of speech and freedom of the press, what kind of rights are these?


  they are substantive rights.
• Freedom of the press also includes freedom from prior restraint, which means?

  which means the press is free from censorship that mandates what can be written in advance. Once the words have been published, however, consequences may arise if what was said is proven "improper, mischievous, or illegal."
• What's libel?

  Libel is a written statement that defames the character of another. A person who feels as though he or she is a victim of libel may sue in court for damages.
• Whats slander?

  If the alleged damaging statement is oral.
• Which of the following requires public buildings and schools to reasonably accommodate the needs of the handicapped by providing ramps and elevators?

  The Americans with Disabilities Act
• This landmark piece of legislation provides protection for the disabled in employment and in public facilities. One of the provisions includes a mandatory accommodation for the disabled in public facilities which includes providing ramps and elevators.

  The Americans with Disabilities Act
• The question over whether a school can include creationism as a part of its curriculum has been presented to the Supreme Court. This particular controversial issue involves which of the following?

  Establishment clause
• What is an exclusionary rule?


  A policy forbidding the admission at trial of illegally seized evidence
• The clause is included in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It grants citizens the right to practice their religion of choice without government interference. It restricts the government by creating a separation between church and state. This clause has been the basis of several Supreme Court cases, one of which includes the right of schools to teach creationism in the classroom.

  Establishment clause
• Under which constitutional amendment would one find the phrase "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment be inflicted"?

  Eighth Amendment
• Despite the fact that Brown v. Board of Education ruled segregation illegal in 1954, public facilities including restaurants and department stores as well as neighborhoods remained segregated. This was an example of

  de facto segregation
• The attempt to increase the participation and representation of minorities in certain institutions is known as

  affirmative action
• Which of the following best describes the exclusionary rule? and this rule relates to what amendments?

  Evidence obtained improperly cannot be used in court.

  4th and 5th amendments
• Which of the following occurred as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

  
  

  racial discrimination in public places became illegal

  employment discrimination based on gender was outlawed

  literacy tests in voting were eliminated

  racial discrimination in public places became illegal

  employment discrimination based on gender was outlawed
• In what way did the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 apply to immigration?

  It mandated schools offer special accommodations to non-English-speaking students.
• sodomy

  Obsolete term for anal sex, or for any homosexual contact. As a legal term it may refer to a variety of prohibited sex acts.
• . What was one of the main reasons the Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution?

  Antifederalists were concerned that without a bill of rights, citizens would not be properly protected.
• The wall of separation doctrine is linked with which of the following? and it states that?

  Freedom of religion

  
  

  the Supreme Court adopted a "wall of separation" between church and state. This doctrine clearly states that government can in no way become involved in religion.
• Civil RIghts


  The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
• Roe vs Wade


  A court case that ruled that women had the ability to exercise their freedom in choosing to get an abortion.
• Plessy vs Ferguson


  A court case that ended with a unanimous vote for the "separate but equal" doctrine.
• Brown vs Board of Education


  A court case that over-ruled the Plessy vs Ferguson doctrine that "separate but equal" doctrine.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964

  Outlawed ANY discrimination anywhere within the United States .
• Voting Act of 1965


  A voting law that prohibited discrimination in ANY way in the American voting system .
• Jim Crow Laws


  Laws that were extremely racist in attitude , and legitimized the racism of anti-African American states.
• Suffrage

  The right to vote
• 24th Amendment


  Eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections.