biomolecules

• Biomolecules


  is a chemical compound found in living organisms
• Main Clauses of Biomolecules

  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • nucleic acids
• Macromolecules


  are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms
• Element found in biomolecules (called CHNOPS or CHONSP)

  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
• Carbohydrates

  carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Protein

  Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
• lipids

  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen
• Nucleic acids


  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur
• Carbohydrates


  any various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen most of which are formed by green plants and which constitute a major class of animal foods
• Monomer


  the general term for single unit of bread
• Polymer


  the term for a long string of monomers
• Polyhydroxy aldehydes / ketones


  compounds which produce them on hydrolysis
• saccharides


  in layman's terms we acknowledge carbohydrate as sugars or substance that tastes sweet
• Kinds of saccharides

  • monosaccharides (1 sugar unit)
  • oligosaccharides (2-10 sugar units)
  • polysaccharides (more than 10 sugar units)
• Cellulose


  is a polymer form of glucose. that makes plants stand tall and gives wood its tough properties
• Starch and glycogen


  the stored forms of energy that other sugar polymers make up
• Proteins 


  are another class of indispensable biomolecules, which makes up around 50% of the cellular dry weight
• proteins 


  are polymers of amino acid, arranged in the form of chain. Depending on how the structure of the protein is arranged, it gives rise to a certain level of structural organization.
• Polypeptide


  are proteins arranged in the form of chain
• levels of strucutural organization (protein)

  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
• Myosin


  is the protein that allows movement by construction of muscles.
• Myosin 


  major component of cell membranes
• Enzymes


  enables the cell to carry out chemical reaction fast
• lipids


  refers to a wide variety of biomolecules including fats, oils, waxes, and steroids hormones. They don't dissolve in water , they are hydrophobic
• Fats


  are a good source of stored energy
• Oils and waxes


  used to form protective on our skin, preventing infection
• Nucleic acids 


  naturally occurring chemical compound that is capable of being broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases (purines and pyrimidines)
• Nucleic Acids


  the main information-carrying molecules of the cell, and, by directing the process of protein synthesis, they determine the inherited characteristics of every living thing.
• Main clauses of nucleic acids

  • deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)
  • ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• Nucleic acids


  are polynucleotides that is long chain like molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks
• nucleotides


  series of nearly identical building blocks.
• Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose(five-carbon) sugar, which is turn attached to a phosphate group
• possible nitrogen-containing bases (nucleic acid)

  • Adenine (A)
  • Guanine (G)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Thymine (T)
  • Uracil (U)
• Purines


  adenine (A) and guanine (G) categorized as
• Pyrimidines


  Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U) are categorized as