Transformers (HT only)

• What is a transformer?

  A device that changes voltage
• How does a step-up transformer affect voltage?

  It increases the voltage
• What does a step-down transformer do to voltage?

  It reduces the voltage
• What are the two types of coils in a basic transformer?

  Primary coil and secondary coil
• What is the primary coil in a transformer used for?

  It receives the alternating current
• What is the secondary coil in a transformer used for?

  It delivers the transformed voltage
• What is the core material typically used in transformers?

  Iron core
• Why is an iron core used in transformers?

  It is easily magnetized
• How do the coils in a transformer connect electrically?

  They are not electrically connected
• What happens to the magnetic field in a transformer when the primary current changes?

  The magnetic field changes accordingly
• What is the effect of increasing the number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer?

  It increases the primary voltage
• How does the output voltage relate to the turns ratio in a transformer?

  Output voltage is proportional to turns ratio
• If a transformer has a turns ratio of 2:1, what happens to the voltage?

  The output voltage is half the input voltage
• What does the equation for voltage in a transformer state?

  Voltage ratio equals turns ratio
• How can you calculate the output voltage of a transformer?

  Using the formula: $V_s =$$V_p \times \frac{N_s}{N_p}$
• What does the changing magnetic field in a transformer induce?

  It induces a voltage in the secondary coil
• What is the relationship between the primary and secondary currents in a transformer?

  They are inversely proportional to the turns ratio
• If the primary current is 10 A and the turns ratio is 2:1, what is the secondary current?

  5 A
• How does a transformer affect power in a circuit?

  Power remains constant in an ideal transformer
• What is the significance of the turns ratio in a transformer?

  It determines the voltage transformation
• How can you determine the efficiency of a transformer?

  By comparing input power to output power
• What factors can affect the efficiency of a transformer?

  Core losses and copper losses
• What is the role of insulation in a transformer?

  It prevents electrical shorts between coils
• What is the typical application of transformers?

  Voltage regulation in power systems
• Why are transformers important in electrical distribution?

  They allow efficient transmission of electricity
• How does the design of a transformer impact its performance?

  Design affects efficiency and voltage regulation
• What is the output voltage if the input voltage is 120 V and the turns ratio is 1:2?

  60 V
• What does the term "ideal transformer" refer to?

  A transformer with no losses
• How does load affect the performance of a transformer?

  Load changes affect voltage and current
• If a transformer is underloaded, what happens to its efficiency?

  Efficiency decreases
• What is the purpose of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

  To change voltage levels for transmission
• How does the frequency of the alternating current affect a transformer?

  Frequency affects the magnetic field strength
• What is the output current if the input current is 5 A and the turns ratio is 1:3?

  1.67 A
• What is the relationship between voltage and current in a transformer?

  They are inversely related through turns ratio
• How does a transformer contribute to energy efficiency in power systems?

  By minimizing energy losses during transmission
• If a transformer has a turns ratio of 4:1 and the input voltage is 240 V, what is the output voltage?

  60 V
• What is the significance of the core material in a transformer?

  It affects the efficiency and performance
• How does the load on a transformer affect its voltage output?

  Higher load can lower the output voltage
• If a transformer is rated for 1000 VA and the load is 500 VA, what is the efficiency?

  Efficiency is optimal
• What is the role of a transformer in renewable energy systems?

  To adjust voltage for grid compatibility