Lytic and lysogenic pathways

• What happens when a virus invades a host cell?

  It hijacks the host cell to reproduce
• What are viruses made up of?

  A protein coat and genetic material
• What types of genetic material can viruses have?

  DNA or RNA
• What is the purpose of the viral envelope?

  It is taken from the host cell's membrane
• What are the two routes a virus life cycle can take?

  Lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle
• What happens in the lytic cycle?

  The virus hijacks the cell's machinery to reproduce
• What is the process called when a cell bursts open due to viral replication?

  Lysis
• What does the virus do if there are not many host cells nearby?

  It prefers the slower lysogenic cycle
• How does the viral genetic information behave in the lysogenic cycle?

  It combines with the host's genetic information
• What happens to the host cell while the virus is dormant?


  The host cell continues its normal functions
• What happens when the viral genetic information is released from the host cell?

  The virus starts replicating following the lytic cycle
• How does the lysogenic cycle benefit viruses?

  It protects them for long periods of time
• What is a disadvantage of the lytic cycle?

  It has a smaller window for host defense
• What is the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

  The speed of viral reproduction
• What are the key differences between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses?

  • Lytic Cycle:
  • Fast reproduction
  • Host cell bursts (lysis)

  
  

  • Lysogenic Cycle:
  • Slower reproduction
  • Viral DNA integrates into host DNA
  • Dormant state until activated
• What is the first step in the lytic pathway?

  The virus attaches to a host cell
• What happens after the virus injects its genetic material in the lytic pathway?

  The viral DNA takes over the cell
• What is produced inside the host cell during the lytic pathway?

  New virus parts
• What occurs when the host cell bursts in the lytic pathway?

  Lots of new viruses are released
• What is the first step in the lysogenic pathway?

  The virus injects its DNA into the host cell
• What happens to the viral DNA in the lysogenic pathway?

  It stays inactive and is added to host DNA
• What occurs when the host cell divides in the lysogenic pathway?

  The viral DNA is copied with the host's DNA
• What triggers the start of the lytic cycle in the lysogenic pathway?

  The viral DNA becomes active
• What are the main steps of the lytic pathway?

  1. Virus attaches to host cell
  2. Virus injects genetic material
  3. Viral DNA takes over the cell
  4. New viruses are assembled
  5. Host cell bursts, releasing new viruses
• What are the main steps of the lysogenic pathway?

  1. Virus injects DNA into host cell
  2. Viral DNA added to host's DNA
  3. Viral DNA remains inactive
  4. Host cell divides, copying viral DNA
  5. Viral DNA becomes active, starting lytic cycle