A rise in temperature up to the optimum increases the kineticenergy of both the enzyme and substrate molecules so there are more frequent and energetically successful collisions, therefore, more ESCs will be formed, increasing the rate of reaction; the optimum is the temperature at which there is a maximum formation of ESCs
Above the optimum, the enzyme molecules vibrate more with the increased input of thermal energy, causing weaker bonds (e.g. hydrogen and ionic bonds) to break, and the activesite’s shape changes; enzyme activity decreases as fewer substrate molecules can fit into the active sites, fewer ESCs form
If enough bonds break, the whole tertiary structure will unravel and the shape changes irreversibly; enzyme is denatured, it’s time-dependent so high temperatures for a short time will impact less than prolonged exposure
Optimum temperatures for many mammalian enzymes are between 40°C - 50°C, some organisms are different; Taq polymerase, DNA polymerase from Thermas Aquaticas and stable up to 95°C
In an experiment you can maintain the required temperature in an experiment with a thermostatically controlled water bath (you should also monitor the temperature with a thermometer)
