2. Cells

• What type of cells are more complex organisms?

  eukaryotic cells
• Fill in the gap: "prokaryotic cells are often ____________ __________ ______________"

  single celled organisms
• Where is a cell membrane found?

  found on the inside of cell walls
• What is a cell membrane compromised of?

  lipids and proteins
• What does the cell membrane do?

  regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

  
• Why does the cell membrane have a receptor?

  to respond to chemicals
• What is the nucleus surrounded by?

  a double membrane

  
• What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

  Nuclear envelope
• What does the nuclear envelope have?

  nuclear pores
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Linear DNA in the form of chromatin
• What is chromatin wrapped around? What is this called?

  A protein, called Histones
• What is embedded in the nucleoplasm?

  nucleolus
• What does a nucleus do?

  Controls the cells activities

  
• What does the DNA within the nucleus do?

  DNA codes for the formation of proteins via mRNA which is released through nuclear pores
• Where are ribosomes made?

  nucleolus
• Describe the structure of a mitochondria?

  oval shape with a double membrane
• What does the inner membrane do in mitochondria? what is the name of what is formed?

  folds to make structures called cristae
• What is the fluid inside mitochondria called?

  matrix
• What does the matrix fluid inside the mitochondria contain?

  contains enzymes, needed for aerobic respiration
• What does the mitochondria contain?

  its own DNA and ribosomes
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  The site of aerobic respiration to release energy
• What is golgi?

  stack of fluid filled, membrane bound sacs
• What is seen at the edge of golgi?

  Vesicles
• What does golgi modify?

  proteins
• What does Golgi make?

  lysosomes
• Describe the structure of Vesicles

  small membrane bound, fluid filled, sac
• What is vesicles produced from?

  Often produced from the golgi apparatus
• What do vesicles do?

  store and transports proteins and lipids around and out of the cell
• Describe the structure of Lysosomes.

  circular organelle with a single membrane
• What is a lysosome?

  A vesicle which contain digestive enzymes
• What is the name of the digestive enzymes lysosomes contain?

  lysozymes
• What is lysosomes used for?

  Is used to separate digestive enzymes from the other parts of the cell, used to digest foreign material and 'worn' organelles
• What do centrioles do?

  creates microtubes during mitosis (prophase) to attach to centromeres on sister chromotids to separate them
• What are spindle fibers made of?

  microtubules
• Describe the size of ribosomes

  small
• Where are ribosomes found?

  often found free in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum (rough)
• What are ribosomes a compromise of?

  proteins and RNA
• Do ribosomes have a membrane?

  no membrane
• what are ribosomes the site of?

  protein synthesis
• What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  conjoined fluid filled membranes which are embedded with ribosomes