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Physics - SP14
Chem - Quantitative chemistry Flashcards | Quizlet
219 cards
Cards (246)
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
No matter is
lost
or
gained
during a
chemical reaction.
what is a precipitate?
an
insoluble
solid
Why might the mass of a reaction flask be found to increase?
One of the
reactants
is a
gas
found in the
air
and all of the
products
are either
solids
or
liquids.
What is an error?
The
difference
between a
value
or
quantity
obtained in an experiment.
What are the 2 types of error?
random
error and
systematic
error
How can random error be affected?
- The person
reading
the
scale
poorly
-
Change
in
environment
, for example, a
change
in
temperature
What is systematic errors?
Errors
that occur as a result of a faulty or
poorly designed experimental procedure.
What is the value of the Avogadro constant?
6.02
x
10
^
23
per
mole
what is a
molar mass
?
When
one
mole
of any
element
is
equal
to the
relative atomic mass
of the
element
in
grams.
What is the equation for moles?
Moles =
mass ÷ Mr
What is meant by concentration?
The
amount
of
solute
there is in a
specific volume
of the
solvent.
What is the equation for concentration?
Concentration =
mass ÷ volume
What is yield?
A term used to
describe
the
amount
of
product
you get from a
reaction.
Why will you never get 100% of yield in a chemical process?
- some
reactants
may be
left behind
in the equipment
- the reaction may be
reversible
and a
high yield
is never possible as the
products
are
continually
turning back into the
reactants
- some
products
are
lost
during
separation
and
purification
stages, such as
filtration
or
distillation.
- product
lost
when
transferring
from one
container
to
another.
What is
actual yield
?
The recorded
amount
of
product
obtained
What is theoretical yield?
The
amount
of
product
that would be
obtained
under
perfect practical
and
chemical
conditions
How to calculate percentage yield?
percentage yield =
actual yield÷theoretical
yield
x 100
What is atom economy used for?
To
analyse
the
efficiency
of
reactions
How do you calculate atom economy?
Atom Economy =
Total Mr
of the
desired product
÷
Total Mr
of all the
products
×
100
What factor needs to be considered when choosing a reaction pathway?
-
Atom economy
-
Percentage yield
-
Rate of reaction
-
Equilibrium position
What is a reaction pathway?
The sequence of reactions needed to produce a desired product from a particular set of raw materials.
How do you calculate concentration in mol/dm3?
Moles ÷ Volume
How do you go from g dm-3 to mol dm-3?
Divide
by the
Molar mass
in
grams
and
vice versa.
What does Avogadro's Law state?
At the same condition of temperature and pressure, an equal amount of gasses occupy the same volume of space.
What does the molar gas volume at RTP mean?
The volume occupied by 1 mol of any gas was found to be 24dm^3 or 24,000cm^3.
What does RTP stand for?
Room temperature
and
pressure
How do you calculate volume?
Volume =
Mass
×
Molar Volume
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