chem

• Anything that has mass and occupies space.

  Matter
• It is the study of properties, behaviors, and changes of matter.

  Chemistry
• Properties of matter that are not dependent on the amount of matter.

  Intensive Property
• Properties of matter that depend on the amount of matter.

  Extensive Property
• Density, Color, Temperature

  Intensive Property
• Mass, Volume, Mass

  Extensive Property
• Composed of nucleus(protons & neutrons) and electrons

  Atom
• group of bonded atoms

  molecule
• Combination of two or more elements and/or compounds

  Mixtures
• mixtures whose components can be separated through various processes. ex. suspensions, colloids

  heterogeneous
• mixtures are apparently uniforms and whose components cannot be easily separated

  homogeneous
• common homogeneous mixture that is made up of solvent and solute.

  solution
• component that is greater in solution

  solvent
• component that is dissolved in solution

  solute
• list the states of matter

  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
  • plasma
• solid to liquid

  melting
• liquid to solid

  freezing
• liquid to gas

  vaporization
• gas to liquid

  condensation
• gas to plasma

  ionization
• plasma to gas

  deionization
• ability of an atom to attract a bonding electron

  electronegativity
• change in energy when an electron is accepted by an atom in gaseous state to form a negative ion

  electron affinity
• energy required to remove an electron from an atom in gaseous state

  ionization energy
• average distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons

  atomic radius
• name for positive ion

  cation
• name for negative ion

  anion
• bonding that involves a cation and anion

  ionic bonding
• bonding that usually involves a metal and non-metal

  ionic bonding
• bonding that involves sharing electrons of two atoms, which bonds them together

  covalent bonding
• bonding that usually involves two non-metals

  covalent bonding
• chemical bond that is characterized by the "sea of electrons" on the surface of metals

  Metallic Bond
• Atoms bond to reach the most stable state that they can.
• The outermost electron shell can hold up to 8 electrons
• the first electron shell can hold up to 2 electrons
• Chemical reactions are processes wherein substances are changed to become different substances.
• Reactants are substances before the chemical reaction
• products are substances after the chemical reaction
• the reaction is denoted by an arrow that points toward the products
• Type of Chemical Reaction:

  A + B → AB

  Synthesis