Lesson 2

• PNEUMOCCOCAL VACCINE:  There are two pneumococcal vaccines. Healthy adults are recommended to receive each of these two vaccines after 65 years of age , and at least 1 year apart 
• INFLUENZA ( flu ) VACCINE:This vaccine must be obtained on a yearly basis. Flu shots can be obtained from primary care providers, clinics, and  most pharmacies. 
• TETANUS, DIPTHERIA, PERTUSIS VACCINES: The Tdap vaccine protects against the contagioius  and deadly diseases tetanus, diptheria. Tdap has been recommended for anyone who has never had the vaccine
• SHINGLES (zozter) VACCINE: This one-time vacination is recommended  for people ovwr 60 years of age, provided they have normal immune system. Benefits of this vaccine should be determined based on individual risks, preferences, and the primary care provider's recommendations.
• Hepatitis B immunization is based on individual risk factors and should be discussed with a primary care provider.
• Prophylactic use of medications susch as aspirin (to prevent heart attack or stroke), and vitamin supplements, such as vitamin E (thought to decrease the risk for stroke, heart attack, and Alzheimer's disease), is gaining increased acceptance to the medical community. 
• Vitamins A, C, and E may reduce the incidence of cataracts; however, excessive intake of Vitamin A may increase the risk of hip fractures.
• Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
• Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil may lower triglyceride levels and reduce inflammation.
•  To keep track  of medical appointments, older adults should have a calendar or datebook to record appointments and reminders for things, such as immunizations.
• Older adults with health problems or allergies, those taking medications, such as heparin, and those with implanted medical devices, such as pacemakers should wear a Medic Alert bracelet or necklace. if they do not want to wish to wear such a warning device, these individuals should, at minimum carry a card in their wallet or purses to provide the necesary health information.
• Signs and Symptoms Indicating a Need to prompt Medical Attention

  Severe pain radiating or crushing chest, neck pain; severe unremitting headache

  Difficulty of breathing

  Loss of consciousness

  Sudden vision changes

  Unusual drainage or discharge from any body cavity

  Wounds that do not heal

  Nausea and vomiting over 24 hours

  Elevated body temperature

  Inability to urinate

  Swelling of the lower extremities

  Excessive (Greater than 10%) weight gain or weight loss

  Sudden dramatic behavior changes

  Sudden changes in speech or ability to follow direction
• Guidelines for taking prescription medications:
• Take prescription medications only as ordered
• Store medication as ordered
• Report any suspected side effects to your primary care provider
• Keep a card with the name of all medications, dose, and the name of the primary care provider with you at all times
• Keep the card up to date
• Show the card to all healthcare providers
• Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace, listing serious diseases and allergies
• Do not use over-the-counter medication or supplements without consulting the primary care provider or pharmacist
• Do not take anyone else's medication or share your medication with anyone