M3 Cell Structure and Taxonomy

• Cell

  It is the fundamental unit of any living organism because it exhibits the basic characteristics of life
• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

  Two categories of cells
• Bacteria and archaea

  Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes

  Algae, protozoa, and fungi
• Eukaryotic cells

  Contain a true nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells

  They do not contain a true nucleus
• True nucleus

  It consists of nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and a nuclear membrane
• Eukaryotic cells

  It possess a complex system of membranes and membrane bound organelles
• True

  Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells possess a cell membrane
• Cell membrane

  Have a selective permeability, allowing only certain substances to pass through them
• Eukaryotic nucleus

  It is the command center of the cell
• Nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and a nuclear membrane

  The three components of the eukaryotic nucleus
• Chromosomes

  Are embeded in the nucleoplasm
• Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of linear DNA molecules and proteins
• Genes

  Are located along chromosomes
• Genotype or genome

  An organism's collection of genes is referred to as?
• Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)

  Code for two types of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• 46 chromosomes

  Human diploid cells have?
• between 20,000 and 25, 000 genes

  Human genome consists of? (number of genes)
• Cytoplasm

  A semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix
• The cytoplasn is where most metabolic reactions occur
• Endoplasmic reticulum

  A highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm
• Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, whereas smooth ER does not
• Ribosomes

  Consist of ribosomal RNA and protein
• Ribosomes

  The sites of protein synthesis
• Golgi complex

  Connects or communicates with ER
• Golgi complex is also called Golgi apparatus or Golgi body
• Golgi complex

  Completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export
• Lysosomes and peroxisomes

  Originate in the Golgi complex
• Lysosomes

  Contain lysozyme and other digestive enzymes
• Peroxisomes

  Are membrane-bound vesicles where H2O2 is generated and broken down
• H2O2

  What is being broken down in peroxisome?
• Mitochondria

  ATP molecules are produced within by cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration

  ATP molecules are produced within mitochondria by?
• Mitochondria

  Powerplants, powerhouses or energy factories
• Plastids

  Membrane-bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments
• Plastids

  Sites of photosynthesis
• Chloroplast

  Are a type of plastid; they contain chlorophyll
• Cytoskeleton

  A system of fibers throughout the cytoplasm
• Three types of fibers

  Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments