Victorian Era

• The Victorian era in the United Kingdom lasted from 1819 to 1901 during Queen Victoria's reign
• Characteristics of the Victorian era include strong moral and religious beliefs, proper social conventions, and optimism
• The term "Victorian" emerged in the 1850s to represent a new awareness of the industrial era spirit, culture, and moral standards
• Augustus Pugin, an English architect that designed the ornamental details of the british house of parliament, played a significant role in fostering a fondness for the Gothic style among the Victorians
• Owen Jones, an English designer, introduced Moorish ornament to Western design and was known for his influential book "The Grammar of Ornament" published in 1856
• The Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in 1851 showcased the progress of the Industrial Revolution and was a catalyst for future developments
• Chromolithography, introduced by William Sharp in America in 1840, revolutionized color printing in the 19th and early 20th centuries
• Thomas Nast, considered the father of the American cartoon, had a significant impact on American public life during the 19th century
• Howard Pyle, an illustrator, marked the Golden Age of American illustration from the 1890s to the 1940s
• Volney Palmer opened the first advertising agency in philadelphia, pioneering the concept of selling advertising space for publishers
• The nickel novels or story papers, launched by the Pictorial Printing Company of Chicago, featured action-filled covers illustrating tales of the Civil War and the western frontier
• The Victorian era's popular graphics were influenced by prevalent attitudes and sensibilities of the time, and many design conventions persisted into the early 20th century
• "The Grammar of Ornament" is a catalogue of design that became the bible of ornament for 19th century designers.
• Chromolithography was the innovation of the industrial revolution that showcased unlimited flood of colorful printed images.
• Richard Mard Hoe, American inventor and mechanical genius perfected the rotory lithographic press.
• John Bufford, became the first American Lithographer that experimented with chromolithography independently.
• Louis Prang, formed a chromolithography firm.
• Scrap, album cards by Louis prang that became an expression of nostalgia, love, and traditional values.
• in 1850, Harper and Brothers opened era of pictorial magazine.
• Harper's magazine, began publication with serialized English fiction. It was the finest design in book publication to date.
• Frank Reade Jr, astounding inventions that showed electric horses, helicopters, and airships accurately forcast future technologies.