Metabolism

Cards (25)

  • Definition of Metabolism:
    Total of all the chemical processes/reactions that take place in our cells (the body)
  • Inputs and outputs of humans:
    Inputs: O2, H20, Nutrients
    Metabolism in body
    Outputs: CO2, Metabolic wastes (e.g., urea), H20, salts
  • Describe catabolic reactions:
    Large molecules -> small molecules called catabolism (glucose metabolism)
  • What do catabolic reactions do with energy?
    Release energy
  • Describe Anabolic reactions:
    Small molecules -> large molecules called anabolism (protein synthesis)
  • What do anabolic reactions do with energy?
    Require/use energy
  • Describe catabolism:
    • Destructive metabolic process
    • Complex substances broken down into simpler ones
    • Releases energy (e.g., cellular respiration)
  • Describe Anabolism:
    • Constructive metabolic process
    • Complex substances built up from simpler ones
    • Use energy (e.g., protein synthesis)
  • What is cellular respiration?

    Breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy (60% as heat, 40% as ATP), within the presence of oxygen
  • How many common amino acids in there?
    20
  • Location of protein synthesis?
    Ribosomes
  • What are proteins?

    Long chains of amino acids
  • What does DNA have to do with protein synthesis
    Instructs protein assembly
  • Summary equation of cellular respiration:
    C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2
  • Identify steps 1-6:
    1. Energy in
    2. ADP+P
    3. ATP
    4. ATP-P
    5. Energy out
    6. ADP
  • Explain the first stage of cellular respiration:
    • Called: Glycolysis
    • Anaerobic stage
    • Breaks down one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) to produce two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
    • Yields (makes) two molecules of ATP
  • Does glycolysis require oxygen?
    No oxygen required
  • Where does glycolysis take place?
    Cytoplasm
  • What does ATP stand for:
    Adenosine Triphosphate
  • What are the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration called
    2nd stage: Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
    3rd stage: Electron transport system
  • Why do we group the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration together?
    Both are a part of aerobic respiration
  • Explain the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration:
    • Series of reactions during pyruvate is completely broken down into CO2
    • Yields (makes) 2 molecules of ATP (34 ATP)
  • Where does the krebs cycle and the electron transport system stage take place?
    Takes place in the mitochondria
  • What does the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration require?
    Oxygen
  • What type of energy is stored in cells?
    ATP