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Human Bio
Metabolism
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Cards (25)
Definition of Metabolism:
Total
of all the
chemical processes
/
reactions
that take place in our
cells
(the
body
)
Inputs and outputs of humans:
Inputs:
O2
,
H20
,
Nutrients
Metabolism
in body
Outputs:
CO2
,
Metabolic wastes
(e.g.,
urea
),
H20
,
salts
Describe catabolic reactions:
Large
molecules ->
small
molecules called
catabolism
(
glucose
metabolism)
What do catabolic reactions do with energy?
Release energy
Describe Anabolic reactions:
Small
molecules ->
large
molecules called
anabolism
(
protein synthesis
)
What do anabolic reactions do with energy?
Require/use energy
Describe
catabolism
:
Destructive metabolic process
Complex
substances broken down into
simpler
ones
Releases energy
(e.g.,
cellular respiration
)
Describe
Anabolism
:
Constructive metabolic process
Complex
substances
built up
from
simpler
ones
Use energy
(e.g.,
protein synthesis
)
What is
cellular respiration
?
Breakdown
of
glucose
to
carbon dioxide
and
water
,
releasing energy
(
60%
as
heat
,
40%
as
ATP
), within the
presence
of
oxygen
How many common amino acids in there?
20
Location of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What are
proteins
?
Long chains
of
amino acids
What does DNA have to do with protein synthesis
Instructs
protein assembly
Summary equation of cellular respiration:
C6H12O6
+
6O2
->
6H2O
+
6CO2
Identify steps 1-6:
Energy in
ADP+P
ATP
ATP-P
Energy out
ADP
Explain the first stage of cellular respiration:
Called:
Glycolysis
Anaerobic
stage
Breaks
down
one
molecule of
glucose
(
C6H12O6
) to produce
two molecules
of
pyruvate
(
pyruvic acid
)
Yields
(makes)
two molecules
of
ATP
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No oxygen required
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
What does ATP stand for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration called
2nd
stage:
Krebs cycle
(
citric acid cycle
)
3rd stage:
Electron transport system
Why do we group the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration together?
Both are a part of
aerobic respiration
Explain the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration:
Series
of reactions during
pyruvate
is completely
broken down
into
CO2
Yields
(makes)
2 molecules
of
ATP
(
34 ATP
)
Where does the krebs cycle and the electron transport system stage take place?
Takes place in the
mitochondria
What does the 2nd and 3rd stage of cellular respiration require?
Oxygen
What type of energy is stored in cells?
ATP