HOW ARE INFECTIOUS DISEASES SPREAD

• how are infectious diseases spread?

  pathogens transmitted from an infected person (host) to another person through vectors, water, air, and contact.
• what are two ways airborne diseases are transmitted?

  droplet transmission and dust transmission
• what are droplet transmissions?

  pathogens that contain the droplet sprays from the mouth/nose of an infected person through sneezing/coughing/talking/breathing.
• what are dust transmissions?

  bacteria in the saliva of an infected person and spores that are spread together with dust.
• state 3 ways to prevent airborne diseases

  -cover the mouth and nose when coughing/sneezing/yawning.

  -avoid being in a crowded space.

  -ensure the surrounding gets enough light as ultraviolet rays can kill certain microoganisms.
• examples of diseases that can be spread through air are chicken pox, flu and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
• airborne diseases are transmitted through droplet transmission and dust transmission.

  droplet transmission; pathogens that contain droplet sprays from the mouth and nose of an infected person through sneezing, coughing, talking, and breathing.

  dust transmission; bacteria in the saliva of an infected person dry up and form spores that are spread together with dust.
• waterborne diseases are infections through water that usually happen in areas with inadequate water supply and poor sanitation. (floods can also spread infectious diseases)
• what are some diseases that are transmitted through water?

  cholera, typhoid, and amoebic dysentery.
• what are some ways to prevent infection of diseases through water?


  -add chlorine into swimming pools and water supply systems.

  -build toilets with good sanitation.

  -boil drinking water properly.

  -wash hands with soap after using the toilet.
• example of diseases that can be transmitted through contact.

  tinea and ringworm that are caused by fungi.

  how: accidentally touching the infected skin or wearing the same clothes as the infected person.
• diseases like syphilis and gonorrhoea can spread through sexual intercourse. these types of pathogens are present in body fluids such as semen and vaginal fluid.
• some pathogens are transmitted from one host to another new host through animals. the animals that transmit these pathogens are called vectors.
• examples of vectors and pathogens:

  
  

  cockroach & fly= salmonella typhi

  aedes mosquito= dengue & zika virus

  anopheles mosquito= plasmodium malariae

  rat= leptospira sp. bacteria