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N5 Microbiology
Prelims
M5 Eukaryotic Microbes
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Algae
Photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms
Algae produce energy by
photosynthesis
All algal cells consist of
cytoplasm
, a
cell wall
, a
cell membrane
, a
nucleus
,
plastids
,
ribosomes
,
mitochondria
, and
Golgi bodies
Most algal cell walls contain
cellulose
Algae are classified as
green
,
golden
,
brown
, or
red
algae
Prototheca
is a very rare cause of human infections
Phycotoxins
Algae in several other genera secrete toxic substances. These are poisonous to humans, fish, and other animals.
If ingested by humans, the phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates that cause red tides can lead to a disease called
paralytic shellfish poisoning
Protozoa
Are nonphotosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. They are unicellular, free-living and found in soil and water
Pellicle
Serves as protection
Two stages of typical protozoan life cycle:
Trophozoite
and
Cyst
Trophozoite
The motile, feeding, and diving stage
Cyst
The nonmotile, dormant and survival stage
Parasitic protozoa
cause human diseases such as malaria, giardiasis, and trypanosomiasis
Amebae
Move by means of pseudopodia (false feet)
Ciliates
Move by means if harilike cilia
Flagellates
Move by means of whiplike flagella
Sporozoa have no visible means of locomotion
Entamoeba histolytica
Cause of amebic dysentery
Balantidium coli
The cause of balantidiasis
Giardia intestinalis
The cause of giardiasis
Plasmodium spp.
The cause of malaria
Mycology
The study of fungi
Mycologists
Scientists who study fungi
Fungi
Are the garbage disposers of nature
Chitin
Fungal cell walls contain a polysaccharide called?
Hyphae
Some fungi are unicellular, while other grow as filaments called?
Mycelium
Hyphae intertwine to form a mass called?
Septate hyphae
The hyphae are divided into cells by cross wall ors septa
Aseptate
hyphae
The hyphae do not contain septa
Two general categories of spores:
•
Sexual
spores
•
Asexual
spores (also called
conidia
)
Classification of fungi:
Mode of sexual reproduction
and
type of sexual pore they produce
Six phyla of fungi:
•
Zygomycotina
•
Chytridiomycotina
• Ascomycotina
•
Basidiomycotina
•
Mycosporidia
•
Deuteromycotina
Yeasts
Are eukaryotic, unicellular organisms that lack mycelia
Blastospores
or
blastoconidia
Individual yeast cells can be observed only using a microscope
Yeasts usually reproduce by
budding
Pseudohypha
A string of elongated buds
Chlamydospores
Some yeasts produce thick-walled, spore-like structures called?
Yeasts have been used for centuries to make
wine
and
beer
Candida albicans
Is the yeasts most frequently isolated from human clinical specimens, and is also the fungus most frequently isolated from human clinical specimens
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