UCSP

• Society

  A society describes a group of people who share a common territory and a culture

  An enduring and cooperating social groups whose members have developed organized patterns of relationship through interaction with one another
• Culture

  a culture refers to a "complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.
• Types of society

  Hunting and gathering society

  Pastoral society

  Horticultural society

  Agricultural society

  Industrial society

  Post industrial society
• The only constant thing in this world is change. Throughout history, a lot of things have changed because of wars, natural calamities and even manmade disasters. Through cultural, social and political change, the world is continuously evolving.
• Cultural change


  Diversification or change in the cultural pattern of a community or a society because of internal and external factors
• Mechanisms of cultural change


  1. Diffusion

  2. Innovation
• Diffusion


  The sharing of one's cultural trait to another culture
• Diffusion


  Transmits one's cultural trait to another by forms of socialization, migration, economic exchange and even wars
• Types of diffusion


  • Forced
  • Direct
  • Indirect
• Direct diffusion


  When a society comes in direct contact with other societies
• Indirect diffusion


  The spread of a cultural trait through the passing of the trait from the original to the second society, and from the second society, into the third society
• Forced diffusion


  When one society conquers another society. The conquerors or the society that overpowers the other culture forces its own traits to the overpowered
• Innovation


  Making a better solution out of an old solution or solution that already exists
• Social change


  A change of systems or institution, cultural, economical and political in the social relationship over time
• In historical times, the main culprits of social changes are usually war, food shortages, unequal food distribution, and even diseases
• Nowadays, as times have changed, the methods of social change have also evolved through technology. Because of technology, the social arrangements of things like being traditional to being modern has also changed. Before, people are more likely accustomed to in face-to-face interactions, but in recent times, because of technology, people has become more accustomed to text messages or instant messaging.
• Political change


  Something that occurs when a country changes its type of government or when there is a change of leader in the government
• Types of political change


  • Internal
  • External
• Internal political change


  The citizenry instigates the political change, e.g. elections, rebellion and even coup d'état
• External political change


  Usually instigated by other countries imposing embargoes and even placing leader that the external country would control, thus changing their system and government
• Acculturation


  A process wherein a minority adopts a new culture or way living. The minority has able to have a sense of belongingness in the new culture, even if the customs and beliefs still remain in their identity.
• Assimilation


  The minority's culture would eventually get lost because the minority would give in to the culture of the majority and adopt it, forgetting their native culture.
• Integration is the most adaptive acculturation strategy and the most conducive to immigrants' well-being, while marginalization is the worst.
• Animism


  The belief that all living things have a soul
• Pre-colonial Filipinos were animistic. They believed that everything has a spirit, from rocks and trees to animals and humans to natural phenomena. These spirits are collectively known as anito, derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanitu and Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu ("spirit of the dead").
• Animals have souls, and all of the earth and sky is full of souls. Some are reincarnated ancestors, some are friendly spirits, and some are hostile ghosts. One's shadow-soul could be devoured by a crocodile. Eating an animal's liver could transfer some of that animal's qualities to you.
• Polytheistic religions in Asia


  • Mahayana Buddhism
  • Confucianism
  • Taoism
  • Hinduism
  • Shintoism
• Buddhism


  One of the world's largest religions, originated 2,500 years ago in India. Buddhists believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.
• Confucianism


  An ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality. Confucian ethics focuses on the structure of human relationships, and in particular on the core relationship of the family which provides an idealized model for all other relationships.
• Confucianism was developed in China by Master Kong in 551-479 BC, who was given the name Confucius by Jesuit missionaries who were visiting there. However, the fundamental principles of Confucianism began before his birth, during the Zhou Dynasty.
• The followers of Confucianism are almost all in China, although it has also spread regionally to Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. On many surveys, Confucianism is lumped into a broader category called 'Chinese Folk Religions.'
• Taoism


  Holds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe. Taoists believe in spiritual immortality, where the spirit of the body joins the universe after death.
• Taoists


  Follow rules and guides for living, such as not telling lies, stealing, committing adultery, committing murder or drinking alcohol. They also have a list of good deeds to further guide they way they live.
• Five precepts (Taoism)


  • No Killing
  • No Stealing
  • No Sexual Misconduct
  • No False Speech
  • No Taking of Intoxicants
• Hinduism


  Believes in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect). One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is "atman," or the belief in soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures have a soul, and they're all part of the supreme soul.
• According to Hinduism, three Gods rule the world: Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver) and Shiva (the destroyer).
• Shinto


  The main beliefs are the importance of purity, harmony, respect for nature, family respect, and subordination of the individual before the group. Shinto is an optimistic faith, as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and evil is believed to be caused by evil spirits. Consequently, the purpose of most Shinto rituals is to keep away evil spirits by purification, prayers and offerings to the kami.
• Modern humans or the now generation experience a lot of changes whether it is environmental, social, or psychological. Throughout the era, the earth experienced a lot of good and bad changes because of the action of humans.
• It is a fact the human beings have the capacity to adapt to change. A lot has happened, issues and challenges arises to test the limitation of human beings.
• Government Departments


  • DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT (DOLE)
  • DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DA)
  • DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH)
  • SUPREME COURT
  • DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
  • OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN
  • DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY (DTI)
  • DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD)
  • DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS (DFA)