ENG

• Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation
• Reasons why we read:

  • Improve language acquisition
  • Improve spelling, grammar, and writing
  • Improve reading comprehension
• Extensive Reading:

  • Reading longer texts for pleasure and developing a general understanding
  • Commonly done outside class hours
• Intensive Reading:

  • Reading short texts with specific details for the sake of learning and tasks
  • Approach used in class
• Writing is a medium of human communication that represents language with signs and symbols

  • Express ourselves
  • Promote beliefs
  • Advocate changes
• A discourse is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner
• Types of discourses:

  • Informative: gives facts, instructions, or directions to the readers
  • Persuasive: appeals to the readers' emotions or tries to persuade them to do something
  • Entertaining: provides amusement or enjoyment
• Argumentation is the act or process of making and presenting arguments. Arguments are a series of statements for or against an idea. The writer aims to persuade the audience or readers
• Types of discourses:

  • Poetic: commonly found in creative works like poems, novels, short stories, and plays
  • Expressive: commonly found in academic journals, letters, diaries, and blogs
  • Transactional: commonly found in instructional materials, advertisements, and editorial articles
• Academic discourse is expository or argumentative in nature. It presents an individual's insights regarding a concept or method in a scholarly way. Academic discourse includes academic journals and essays
• Parts of an academic discourse:

  • Introduction: states the significance of the topic and the issues that need to be addressed
  • Body: discusses the methods of gathering information, presents the findings, and interprets them
  • Conclusion: reiterates the claims, asserts the stand, and may include insights and recommendations for further studies
• description -This type of discourse is based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject. Its purpose is to transmit that impression vivid language.
• exposition - This aims to inform about, clarify, and explain a phenomenon. It defines what something is and provides an in-depth discussion about topics that are usually less explored.
• narration - This type of discourse is like storytelling. It recalls events chronologically. This discourse is told in varied point of view. The general purpose of narration then is to relate a series of events.
• A literary discourse is generally focused on creative works such as poetry, short stories, novels, plays, and even nonfiction. Also, it includes texts that are used strictly for business communication such as letters, memos, and resumes.
• INTRODUCTION In this part, the writer states the significance of the topic and the issues that need to be addressed.
• BODY In this part, the writer discusses the methods of gathering information. the writer then presents the findings and interprets them.
• CONCLUSION In this part, the writer reiterates the claims and asserts the stand, and may include insights and recommendations for further studies.
• Technique a skillful or efficient way of doing or achieving something.
• Brainstorming It is a process of generating

  creative ideas and solutions through intensive and freewheeling

  group discussion
• Alex Faickney Osborn (1953) Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of

  ideas spontaneously contributed by its

  members.
• idea listing simply involves listing ideas about a particular topic.
• Idea mapping is a visual representation of ideas

  and their connections with one another, also called webbing or clustering.
• Cubing an idea is examined from six distinct viewpoints.
• FREE WRITING Writing what comes into your mind;

  Continues writing without inhibitions and not minding errors in spelling and grammar.
• RESEARCHING Going to the library or checking out websites on the internet, then making a list or map of new ideas.