M2 Infection Control, Safety, First Aid, and Personal Wellness

• Infection


  happens when a microorganism invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease
• Pathogen


  disease causing microbe which could be classified as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or virus
• Two types of Infections

  - communicable

  - non communicable

  - nosocomial and healthcare associated infection
• Six Components of Chain of Infection

  - infectious agent

  - reservoir

  - exit pathway

  - means of transmission

  - entry pathway

  - susceptible host
• 4 Functions of Infection Control Program

  - protect

  - screen

  - evaluation and treatment

  - monitor
• Biohazard Exposure Routes

  - airborne

  - ingestion

  - non intact

  - percutaneous

  - permucosal
• Shock


  A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion.
• cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)


  emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation
• Donning of PPE

  • gown
  • mask
  • gloves
• Doffing of PPE

  • gloves
  • gown
  • mask
• Biohazard

  • refers to any material that could be harmful to one's health
• Biosafety

  • used to prevent and protect clinical laboratories from harmful incidents caused by laboratory specimens that are potential biohazards
• Biohazard exposure routes

  • Airborne: splashes, aerosols
  • Ingestion: hands not sanitized before handling food
  • Non intact skin: contamination through breaks or cuts in skin
  • Percutaneous: exposure through the skin due to injuries from needlesticks and other sharp objects
  • Permucosal: infection through mouth, nose, conjunctiva of eyes
• Five Classes of Fire

  • Class A: ordinary combustible require water/water based solution to extinguish
  • Class B: flammable liquids, require blocking oxygen to snuff out
  • Class C: electrical equipment, requires non conducting agents to extinguish
  • Class D: combustible metal, requires powder agents or sand to extinguish
  • Class K: kitchen, require agents that prevent splashing, cooling, and smothering the fire
• 1:10 bleach solution is the standard ratio of disinfectant