DRRR

• ​5 Important Words in DRRR

  (DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION)

  1. Disaster
  2. Disaster Risk
  3. Vulnerability
  4. Hazard
  5. Exposure
• Disaster - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure ,vulnerability ,and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material ,economic ,and environmental losses and impacts.
• Emergency - and is sometimes used interchangeably with the term disaster.
• Disaster damage - occurs during an immediately after the disaster this is usually measured in physical units (e. g.square meters of housing kilometers of roads etc )
• Small-scale disaster:

  • A type of disaster only affecting local communities
  • Requires assistance beyond the affected community
• Large-scale disaster:

  • A type of disaster affecting a society
  • Requires national or international assistance
• Sudden onset disaster:

  • Triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly
  • Associated with events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flash floods, chemical explosions, critical infrastructure failures, and transport accidents
• Frequent and infrequent disasters:

  • Depend on the probability of occurrence and the return period of a given hazard and its impacts
  • The impact of frequent disasters could be cumulative or become chronic for a community or a society
• Slow onset disaster:

  • Defined as one that emerges gradually over time
  • Associated with events like drought, desertification, sea level rise, and epidemic diseases
• Disaster impact - is the total effect including negative effects (e. g., economic losses) and positive effects (e. g., economic gains ),of a hazardous event or a disaster.
• Disaster Risk / Risk Factors Underlying Disaster :

  Disaster Risk - the probability that a communities structure's or geographic area is to be damage or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area .
• Risk Factors Underlying Disasters:

  1. Climate change
  2. Environmental degradation
  3. Globalized Economic Development
  4. Poverty and Inequality
  5. Unplanned Rapid Urbanization
  6. Weak Governance
• Nature of Disaster

  Types of Disasters:

  Natural Disasters - originates from different forces of nature. Ex. earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, etc .

  Man made Disaster - the disasters occur due to people's action against human material and environment. Ex. air and train crashes, oil and chemical spills, pollution and building collapses .

  Terrorism is also categorized as human man-made disaster
• Effects of Disaster

  1. Displaces populations
  2. Health risk
  3. Food scarcity
  4. Emotional aftershock
  5. PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
• Vulnerability - the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard
• Hazard - a potential source of harm.
• Risk -the possibility of something bad happening.

  - Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/ implifications of an activity with respect to something that humans value often focusing on negative and desirable consequences
• Exposure the presence of people, livelihood, environmental services and resources, infrastructure, or economic, social, or cultural assets and places that could be adversely affected by physical events and which, thereby ,are subject to potential future harm, loss or damage .