pmls

• infection


  condition that results when a microorganism

  enters the body, multiply, and cause injury or disease.
• local infection

  restricted to a small area of the body
• systemic infection


  entire body is affected rather than a single organ or body part
• communicable infections


  caused by some pathogenic microbes that are able to spread from person to person.
• nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections


  infections acquired in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
• pathogens


  microbes that are able to cause disease
• nonpathogens


  microbes that do not cause disease under normal conditions.
• oppurtunistic pathogen


  reside in the human body and do not cause infection in a healthy individual but become pathogenic when the immune system is compromised.
• infectious agent


  also known as causative agent, the pathogenic microbe responsible for causing an infection.
• reservoir


  source of an infectious agent
• viability


  ability of the microbe to survive in an object
• virulence


  degree to which the microbe is capable of causing disease
• exit pathway


  infectious agent is able to leave a reservoir host
• means of transmission

  method an infectious agent uses to travel from a reservoir to a susceptible individual.
• airborne transmission 


  dispersal of infectious agent that can be inhaled
• contact transmission


  most common means of transmitting infection
• direct contact transmission 


  physical transfer of an infectious agent to a susceptible host through close or intimate contact
• indirect contact of transmission


  occur when a susceptible host touches contaminated objects
• droplet transmission


  transfer of an infectious agent to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or conjunctiva of the eyes of a susceptible individual via infectious droplets
• vector transmission


  transfer of an infectious agent carried by an insect, arthropod, or animal.
• vehicle transmission


  transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food, water, or drugs (ingestion)
• entry pathway


  way an infectious agent is able to enter a

  susceptible host
• susceptible host


  someone with a decreased ability to resist infection
• infection-control program


  set of procedures that ensure the protection of people working in the institution
• hand hygiene


  one of the most important means of preventing the spread of infection
• routine handwashing 


  procedure uses plain soap and water to mechanically remove soil and transient bacteria (20 seconds)
• hand antisepsis


  uses antimicrobial soap to remove transient microorganisms, which is also the kind of soap used when washing the hands with the 2-6 minutes surgical hand scrub prior to performing surgical procedures.
• HICPAC

  Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
• CDC/HICPAC


  recommend the use of alcohol-based antiseptic hand

  cleaners in place of hand washing as long as the hands are not visibly soiled
• standard precautions


  used in the care of all patients and are meant to be the number one strategy for successful nosocomial infection control. assume that every individual is potentially infectious
• universal precautions

  blood and certain body fluids of all individuals were considered potentially infectious. always practiced in the laboratory
• transmission-based precautions


  used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with a significant pathogen that requires special precaution
• blood-borne pathogens


  microorganisms in the human blood which are infectious and can cause diseases. Most common pathogens include, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• biohazard


  Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health
• biosafety


  used to prevent and protect clinical laboratories from harmful incidents caused by laboratory specimen that are potentially biohazard
• electric shock


  condition when there is not enough blood that

  circulates back to the heart which results to inadequate supply of oxygen in the body potential hazards associated with the use of electrical equipment
• class A


  ordinAry
• class B

  flammaBle
• class c

  eleCtrical
• class d

  meDal