English

• Bias refers to an author's expression of his/her own opinion on a particular issue without examining and presenting enough evidence.
• Biased writing Subjective Unfair presentation of the issue. FOCUSES ON ONE SIDE.
• Unbiased writing Objective

  Fair presentation of the issue. FOCUSES ON BOTH SIDE.
• An author becomes bias when he/she persuades the reader to believe his/her stand of the issue by giving inaccurate information or false impressions even with or without the intention of misleading the readers.
• Author's bias is an opinion or perjudice that affects the author's writing. It prevents the author from being completely neutral about the topic or issue about which she/he is writing
• To determine the author's biases and to understand his/her underlying purpose, you must look at the use of evidence and diction.
• Evidences can be in a form of facts and information, testimone and direct observations, scientific and legal findings, and anecdote and philosophical evidences.
• Diction refers to the words or expressions that help convey the stand of the author towards an issue. These words and expressions may indicate a positive or negative connotation or meaning.
• Positive connotation My new neighbor is a mature woman. The word 'mature' means that the woman is well- mannered. This implies the author's positive view towards the woman.
• Negative connotation My new neighbor looks to mature in that dress. The word 'mature' means that the woman looks old in her dress. This implies the author's negative view towards the woman.
• Propaganda It is a form of communication that is aimed at int influencing the attitudes, perspective and emotion of people or communities towards some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. It is usually repealed and presented over a wide variety of media in order to attract the interest of a greater majority.
• Card Stacking:

  • Shows the product's best features
  • Tells half-truths
  • Omits potential problems
• Name-calling:

  • Uses names that evoke fear or hatred among viewers
  • Links a person or idea to a negative concept
  • Examples of names used: racist, dictator, terrorist, rebel, protester, idiot, liar, monster
• Plain Folk:

  • Uses common people to sell or promote a product or service
  • Associates individuals with the common people or the masses
  • Commonly used in advertising to provide real experiences for buyers
• Glittering Generalities:

  • Uses words or ideas that evoke a positive emotional response from the audience
  • Often uses virtue words
  • Brands use hyperboles, metaphors, or lyrical phrases for better effect
• Soft Soap:

  • Uses flattery and insincere compliments to get the audience on the speaker's side
• Bandwagon:

  • Persuades people by showing that everyone else is doing the same thing
  • Implies that one must accept or reject an idea because everyone else is doing so
• Testimonial


  A technique wherein a famous or seemingly authoritative person recommends a product or service, and vouches for its value
• Transfer


  Also known as association. It is a form of propaganda that seeks to transfer emotions from one person or group to another
• Issue


  An important problem or topic that people in the society argue about or discuss since it negatively affects many people in the society
• Social issue


  Prevents the society from functioning at the most desirable level
• Moral issue


  Situations or actions that do not conform to the shared norms and values, culture, and beliefs distinguished by a certain community or social setting
• Economic issue


  Situations that reflect the Scarcity of resources which are deemed insufficient to satisfy human wants and needs
• Figure of Speech

  •A word or phrase used in different way from its usual meaning in order to create a particular mental picture or effect.

  •Uses a figurative language (has other meaning than its literal/typical meaning)
• Simile


  A type of Figurative Language that compares two different things using the word "like or as"
• Metaphor


  A type of figurative language that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison, comparing two things without using the word like or as
• Personification


  A type of figurative language that involves giving human qualities or characteristics to non-human object or concepts. It is used to make the object or concept more relatable or to create a more vivid image.
• Hyperbole


  The use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. In poetry and oratory it emphasize, evoke strong feelings, and creates strong impressions. As a figure of speech it is usually not meant to be taken literally.
• Onomatopoeia


  The use or creation of a word that politically imitates, resembles, or suggest the sound that it describe. Such a word itself is also good and onomatopoeia.