MAPEH (ARTS)

• Neoclassical period (1780 - 1840):

  • Neoclassicism is the revived interest in classical ideals and forms
  • The art style was brought about by the renewed interest for Greek and Roman classics
  • Neoclassical art forms are created after but inspired by ancient times
  • Characteristics of Neoclassical art include formal composition, the use of straight lines, a smooth paint surface, minimal use of color, clear, crisp definition of forms
  • Diagonals are used to show the peak of an emotion or moment
• Neoclassical Painting:

  • Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation
  • Artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic portrayals
  • Importance is given to costumes, settings, and details of classical subject-matter with historical accuracy
  • Representative artist: Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
  • David's subjects are more on history
• Jacques-Louis David:

  • French painter
  • Pre-eminent painter of the era
  • Known for portraying historical subjects
  • Masterpiece: Death of Marat, a painting of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat
  • Other works: Napoleon Crossing the Alps, Oath of Horatii
• Characteristics of Neoclassical Art:

  • Local color is the color of an object when seen under flat white light with no adjustment for form shadow or colors of light or secondary light sources
  • Overall lighting is a key characteristic
  • Classic geo-structure includes grandeur of scale, simplicity of geometric forms, dramatic use of columns, and a preference for blank walls
• Neoclassical Sculptures:

  • Neoclassical period was a great age of public sculpture
  • Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration
  • Representative artist: Antonio Canova (1757-1822)
  • Canova is famous for his marble sculptures of nude flesh and mythological compositions
  • Sculpture: Psyche Awakened by Cupid's Kiss
• Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-1838):

  • 1st internationally acclaimed Danish artist
  • Executed sculptures of mythological and religious theme characters
  • Sculpture: Christus, a marble image of resurrected Christ
• Other Neoclassical Sculptures:

  • Lion of Lucerne: A marble sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss Guards massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution
• Neoclassical Architecture is a style derived from Classical Greece and Rome, as well as the architecture of Italian architect Andrea Palladio
• Types of Neoclassical Architecture:

  • Temple Style: based on ancient temples, often featuring a peristyle (continuous line of columns around a building)
  • Palladian Style: based on Andrea Palladio's style of Villa Construction, some buildings feature a balustrade with vertical supports known as "balusters" or "spindles"
• Robert Adam (1728-1792) was known as the Palladian Architect of the Neoclassical period and designed well-known civic buildings like the White House and the United States Capitol
• Classical Block Style features a rectangular or square plan, a flat roof, and an exterior rich in classical detail with repeated classical patterns or series of arches and/or columns
• Henri Labrouste (1801-1875) designed the Library of Sainte-Genevieve
• Charles Garnier (1825-1898) designed the Paris Opera House (Palais Garnier)
• Other buildings in Classical Block Style include the New York Public Library, Boston Public Library, and Ayuntamyento de Manila
• Gothic Revival Architecture (Neogothic) is also known as Victorian Gothic or Neo-Gothic
• Neoclassicism and Romanticism in the Philippines can be seen through various major artworks such as paintings, sculptures, and architectural structures
• Felix Resurrection Hidalgo (1855-1913) and Juan Luna (1857-1899) were significant Filipino painters during the late 19th century
• Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972) was a National Artist in Painting known for his portraits and paintings of Rural Philippine Landscapes
• Guillermo Tolentino (1890–1976) was a Filipino sculptor named National Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973
• Napoleon Abueva is a National Artist for Sculpture known as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture"
• Neoclassic came from the Greek word "neo" meaning "new" and latin word "classicus" meaning "first class"
• Neoclassical movement was also known as "Age of Reason" or "Age of Enlightenment"
• Neoclassical painting embraced the ideals of order and moderation
• Jacques Louis David was a pre-eminent French painter of the neoclassical era and his works are focused on history

  
• Death of Marat portrays the revolutionary martyr leader Jean-Paul Marat by Jacques Louis David

  
• Napoleon Crossing the Alps showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass by Jacques Louis David

  
• Oath of the Horatii depicts a scene from a Roman legend about the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa by Jacques Louis David

  
• Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres's subjects are usually nudes, portraits and mythologies

  
• Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

  
• The Apotheosis of Homer by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

  
• Antonio Canova was famous for his marble sculptures of nude flesh

  
• Pysche Awaken by Cupid's Kiss by Antonio Canova

  
• Washington displayed at the North Carolina Museum of History by Antonio Canova

  
• Berthel Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist

  
• Christus is a marble structure image of Christ by Berthel Thorvaldsen

  
• Lion of Lucerne is marble structure of a dying lion, symbolizing the death of the Swiss people by Berthel Thorvaldsen

  
• Neoclassical Architecture is a style derived from Classical Greece and Rome and the architecture of Andrea Palladio

  
• Villa in Vincenza by Andrea Palladio

  
• San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice by Andrea Palladio

  
• The Pantheon is an example of temple style