Intro to Organic Chemistry

• A branch of science that studies the structure, characteristics, and make up of chemical elements and substances that contain carbon atoms

  Organic Chemistry
• 2 ways of obtaining organic compounds

  isolation from nature and synthesis in the laboratory
• A __ shows all the atoms present in a molecule as well as the bonds that connect that atoms to each other

  structural formula
• we call atoms or groups of atoms of an organic molecule that undergo predictable chemical reactions as a functional group
• • The functional group of an alcohol is -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom ( a carbon having bond to four atoms)
  • The symbol R-indicates a carbon group. The important point of the general structure is the -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom
• The functional group of amine is an amino group- a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three carbon atoms
• Both aldehydes and ketones contain a C=O (carbonyl group). In formaldehydes, the simplest aldehyde, the carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon group
• In structural formula, the aldehyde group may be written showing the carbon-oxygen double bond as CHO or alternatively, it may be written -CHO
• The functional group of ketone is a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms (C=O)
• • The functional group of a carboxulic acid is a -COOH (carboxyl: carbonyl + hydroxyl) group
  • In condensed structural formula, a carboxyl group can be written -CO2H
• A carboxylic ester, commonly referred to as simply an ester, is a derivative of carboxylic acid in which a carbon group replaces the hydrogen of carboxyl group. The group is written -COOR or -CO2R
• An amide is a functional derivative of a carboxylic acid in which an amino group replaces the -OH of carboxyl group. Amide functional group contain a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom
• Functional group is -OH

  Alcohol
• Functional group is an amino group (R-N-H/H2/H3)

  Amines
• Functional group is a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded one hydrogen and R.

  Aldehydes
• Functional group is a carbonyl group bonded to two R

  Ketones
• Functional group is -COOH

  Carboxylic Acid
• Functional group is -COOR or -CO2R

  Carboxylic Eters
• Functional group is carboxylic acid in which the -OH is replaced with amino group

  Amides
• CH3CONH2

  Amides
• CH3COOCH3

  Carboxylic Eters
• CH3COOH

  Carboxylic Acids
• (CH3)2CO

  Ketones
• CH3CHO

  Aldehydes
• CH3CH2NH2

  Amines
• CH3CH2OH

  Alcohol