STS MODULE3

• Copernican Revolution:

  • Nicolaus Copernicus introduced heliocentrism, suggesting that the center of the Solar System was the sun, challenging the Ptolemaic model
  • Initially rejected by the public due to religious beliefs that the Earth was the center of the universe
• Darwinian Revolution:

  • Charles Darwin introduced the theory of evolution in 1859, proposing natural selection where only the fittest survive
  • Organisms can adapt to their environment and gradually change to be more competitive
• Freudian Revolution:

  • Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory explained human behavior influenced by conscious and unconscious factors
  • Personality is shaped by id, ego, and superego, with concepts like psychosexual development, libido, and ego
• Criticism of Freud's theory:

  • Initially lacked empirical or experimental data support
  • Freud continued refining his theory to explain psychoanalysis as a clinical method for treating mental disorders
• Psychoanalytic concepts:

  • Psychosexual development, libido, and ego were met with support and resistance
  • Concepts like Oedipus complex (boy's desire for mother) and Electra complex (girl's desire for father) were introduced