Mental health section 3

• What are the alternative explanations to the medical model for mental illness

  Behaviourist for phobias

  cognitive for depression

  psychodynamic for depression
• How is a phobia developed

  Classical conditioning
• What is classical conditioning

  Learning by association. When two stimuli are shown together and one creates a reaction, when the one that doesn’t cause a reaction is shown there will be a reaction
• How is a phobia maintained

  Operant conditioning
• What is operant conditioning

  When the stimuli is avoided they will feel a sense of pleasure so this is therefore rewarding

  they will receive attention for the phobia and therefore maintain it
• What is research evidence for behaviourist theory

  feld studied 47 children aged 7-9. They were shown 3 unfamiliar animals along with a happy or sad face. When the animals were shown without a face how the children felt matched with the face
• What is the cognitive explanation for depression

  Depression is characterised by negative thoughts. beck cognitive triad suggests neg views on world leads to neg views on future and then neg views on themselves. This comes from negative schemas
• What is the research evidence for cog for depression

  33 depressed undergrad females were more likely to show distortion in thinking than 34 non depressed females after receiving feedback on task
• What is the psychodynamic explanation for depression

  Depression closely resembles grief. loss can be real or symbolic and response to the loss can be pathological.

  depression can be caused by anger turned inward when anger is repressed and they experience self hatred.
• What is the attachment theory

  If a young child has a bond with mother, a vulnerability is created when the mother is lost making them more likely to find it hard to deal with losses.
• What Is research evidence for psychodynamic theory

  Brianna conducted a longitudinal piece of research on 164 male and females from childhood to 26. she found the strongest predictor adult depression is a loss at the ages 5-8.
• what did Szasz originally do

  He wrote an article in 1960 detailing the myth of mental illness.
• What did szasz aim to do

  Reject the image that patients are helpless victims of factors they can’t control. Also aimed to stop coercive treatments which remove freedom
• What were szasz key criticisms

  Mental illness is a myth not a disease that can be scientifically proven. excuse for dealing with difficult behaviour
• What does szasz believe should happen

  Get to know the individual in detail to know the behaviour and give them control of their life
• What does szasz say mental illness is

  He says it’s the way people have decided to cope with the world around them
• What does szasz claim treatment should be

  No diagnostic label and treated ethically . Talking therapies should be used
• What is a non biological treatment

  Systematic desensitisation for phobias. derives from classical conditioning. fear is replaced with relaxation. 4 step process
• What are the four steps of systematic desensitation

  1. Functional analysis- a discussion about what they are scared of and why
  2. anxiety hierarchy - list of fear inducing situations
  3. relaxation - being taught to relax
  4. exposure