HISTORY 1

• "Accessibility"


  means features of buildings or spaces that enable use by people regardless of their level of ability.
• "Building Shell"


  means the architecture of the existing building, including the framework, the perimeter/exterior walls, the building core and columns, and other structural, load-bearing elements of the building
• "Construction Documents"


  mean the detailed working drawings that define the work to be constructed. This may include partition plans, power and communications plans, reflected ceiling plans, material and finishes plans, and furniture layout plans, as well as elevations, sections and details, along with the drawings of associated consultants.
• "Contract Documents"


  means the set of documents that form a part of the legal contract for services between two or more parties. These typically include detailed instructions to the contractor, tender forms, construction documents and specifications.
• "Contract Administration"


  means the set of services which may include developing and monitoring schedules and construction costs; ensuring construction is completed in conformance with contracts and design intent; liaison with contractors and consultants throughout the course of construction; reviewing shop drawings and submissions from the contractor; observing and commenting on construction progress; monitoring move-in and furniture installation; and conducting required post-occupancy evaluations.
• "Environmental"


  " means the aggregate of the physical conditions of the interior environment that affects the health and safety of the occupants, including air quality and circulation, temperature control, ergonomic layout, physical circulation plan and related matters.
• "Maintenance"


  means the ability of a product or material to be kept to its proper condition, and the work required to sustain that condition over the life of that material.
• "Non-structural or non-seismic"


  means interior elements or components that are not load-bearing or do not assist in the seismic design and do not require design computations for a building's structure. It excludes the structural frame supporting a building. Common non-structural elements or components include, but are not limited to, ceiling and partition systems. These elements employ normal and typical bracing conventions and are not part of the structural integrity of the building.
• "Partition"


  means a wall which does not support a vertical load of a structure other than its own weight, but may support loads attached to it such as cabinetry, shelving or grab bars, and does not extend further than from the floor of an interior area of a structure designed for human habitation or occupancy, to the underside of the deck of that structure.
• "Programming"


  means the scope of work which includes, but is not limited to, conducting research; identifying and analyzing the needs and goals of the client and/or occupant(s) of the space; evaluating existing documentation and conditions; assessing project resources and limitations; identifying life, safety and code requirements; and developing project schedules and budgets.
• . "Reflected ceiling plan"


  means a ceiling design that illustrates a ceiling as if it was projected downward and may include lighting and other elements.
• "Space planning"


  " means the analysis and design of spatial and occupancy requirements, including, but not limited to, space layouts and final planning.
• "Specifications"


  means the detailed written description of construction, workmanship and materials of the work to be undertaken.
• "Sustainability"


  means the use of resources in such a way that they are not depleted; a method of practice or use of materials that is capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment
• Historic preservation


  the practice of protecting and preserving sites, structures or districts which reflect elements of local or national cultural, social, economic, political, archaeological or architectural history.
• Preservation has many diverse purposes and rewards

  Including the strengthening of local economies, stabilization of property values, the fostering of civic beauty and community pride, and the appreciation of local and national history.
• Historic preservation


  the practice of protecting and preserving sites, structures or districts which reflect elements of local or national cultural, social, economic, political, archaeological or architectural history.
• Historic preservation as a public purpose...


  advances the education and welfare of citizens, while providing economic and aesthetic benefits as well
• Historic resources are defined as


  districts, sites, structures, objects or buildings that are greater than seventy-five years in age, and are significant in local, state or national history, architecture, archeology, engineering, or culture.
• History encompasses


  all cultures, economic classes, and social, political and private activities that form the background to the present.
• Maintaining historic sites and structures


  is preserving important historic properties in order to extend their life span and usability. Maintenance works are housekeeping chores that previous owners followed. In keeping with this tradition, therefore, it is our responsibility and obligation in our present time to continue maintaining our important sites and structures.
• Interior Design and Climate Change


  Energy generated from the burning of fossil fuels is used by mechanical heating and airconditioning systems that we have come to rely on in our buildings, as well as for water heating, cooking and lighting. Consequently, it is something that interior designers can help to combat through the choices that they make in their work.
• Interior Design and Climate Change


  If much of the problem of climate change is centred on a profl igate use of fossil fuel, then any steps taken to find substitute forms of energy or to reduce our energy use can do nothing but good for the environment. Energy-saving measures may have little impact on the aesthetics of an interior design scheme, particularly when carefully integrated into the building, but careful consideration of them and the scope for their use is just as much a part of the interior designer ’s remit as is space planning or creating a decorative scheme.
• Stone.


  The use of almost any material within a scheme is going to impact the environment in some way. Natural materials such as wood and stone are used for many reasons, not least because of their looks, but acquiring these materials can put a strain on the local environment.
• Many hardwoods are sought out for their decorative qualities
• It can be difficult to be sure of the provenance of timber used for construction and decorative purposes
• Organised crime is present in the timber market, logging many species illegally and destroying important forest habitats
• Some timber species are vulnerable to extinction
• Schemes exist to ensure timber is grown and harvested responsibly
• These schemes track the timber to market, ensuring an unbroken 'chain of custody' from source to customer
• Plastics


  Most plastics available today are derived from oil, another non-sustainable resource. Although we dispose of huge amounts of plastic, an increasing amount is being recycled, and products made with recycled content are oft en indistinguishable from those made with virgin material. Interior designers can pick up on this by carefully sourcing these products and making use of them where possible