HEMA 2 LAB PRELIMS

• Class fire A


  Paper, Wood, Plastics, Fabric, Rubber, Trash
• Class fire B


  flammable liquids like gasoline, oil, grease, paint
• Class fire C


  electrical equipment
• health hazard 0

  normal material
• health hazard 1

  slightly hazardous
• health hazard 2

  hazardous
• health hazard 3

  extreme danger
• health hazard 4

  deadly
• fire hazard 0


  will not burn
• fire hazard 1

  Above 200F
• fire hazard 2

  Below 200F
• fire hazard 3

  Below 100F
• fire hazard 4


  Below 73F
• OX

  oxidizer
• ALK

  alkaline
• W

  use no water
• SA

  simple asphyxiant
• Acid

  Acid
• COR

  corrosive
• WASTE MANAGEMENT: YELLOW

  Infectious and pathologic wastes
• WASTE MANAGEMENT: GREEN

  Non-infectious wet wastes
• WASTE MANAGEMENT: BLACK

  Non-infectious dry wastes
• WASTE MANAGEMENT: RED

  Sharps and pressurized containers
• Department of Labor

  29 Code of Federal

  Regulations Parts 1900- 1910

  
  

  • Hazard Communication Standard

  • Hazardous Waste Operations

  • Occupational Exposure to blood borne

  pathogens Standards
• Department of the Interior, Environmental

  Protection Agency:

  40 Code of Federal

  Regulations Parts 200-399

  
  

  • Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act

  • Toxic Sub stances Control Act

  • Comprehensive Environmental

  Response, Compensation and Liability

  Act (CERCLA)
• Voluntary Agencies /Accrediting Agencies


  • The Joint Commission College of

  American Pathologist

  • Centers for Disease Control and

  Prevention (CDC)

  • Clinical and Laboratory Standards

  Institutes
• BLEEDING TIME (DUKE METHOD) MATERIALS

  1. Sterile blood lancer

  2. Stopwatch

  3. Sterile filter paper

  4. Gauze pads or cotton balls

  5. 70% alcohol or povidone iodine
• BLEEDING TIME (DUKE METHOD) MATERIALS PROCEDURE

  1. Obtain a piece of filter paper and stopwatch

  2. Moisten a piece of cotton with 70% alcohol or povidone iodine and thoroughly cleanse the

  patient's middle or ring finger.

  
  

  3. Allow the skin to air-dry

  
  

  4. Make a puncture wound2-3mm deepin the earlobe or finger with a disposable blood lancet

  
  

  5. Start the stopwatch immediately

  
  

  6. Be careful not to touch the puncture site. Blot

  the filter paperevery 30 seconds, until the

  bleeding stops

  
  

  7. Record the bleeding time
• CLOTTING TIME (SLIDE OR DROP METHOD) MATERIALS

  1. Blood lancet

  2. Glass slide

  3. Timer / Stopwatch

  4. Cotton

  5. 70% ethyl alcohol
• 1. Disinfect site of puncture with 70% ethyl

  alcohol. Air Dry

  
  

  2. Puncture to a depth of 2-3 mm using a blood

  lancet

  
  

  3. Start Timer as soon as the first drop of blood

  appears

  
  

  4. Transfer the three drops of blood onto a clean glass slide. Careful not to touch the skin

  
  

  5. Pass the tip of the lancet through the first

  drop of bloodevery 30 secondsand look for the formation of fibrin strands. Repeat with second drop of blood.
• CLOTTING TIME (SLIDE OR DROP METHOD) Reference Range

  2-4 mins
• Platelets


  smallest formed

  elements in the blood
• Platelets size

  2-4 microns
• Platelets Shape

  round; biconvex
• Platelets Cytoplasm


  light blue to purple; very

  granular
• Platelets MPV:

  8 to 10 Fl
• Platelets are difficult to count due to

  Small size, Adhesiveness, Aggregation
• Small size


  often hard to differentiate from bacteria and debris
• Adhesiveness


  affinity for adhering to glass
• Aggregation


  tendency to clump together