Chemistry—>Dynamic equilibrium

• What is a reversible reaction?

  One where the products of the reaction can react together to reform the reactants
• What happens if a reaction is exothermic in the forward direction?

  The reverse reaction will be endothermic
• What happens if the reaction is endothermic in the forward direction

  It's reverse reaction will be exothermic
• What is dynamic equilibrium?

  If A reversible reaction takes place in a close system. Then eventually the reaction reaches a point which is called dynamic equilibrium.
• What happened to the rate of reaction in dynamic equilibrium

  The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the background reaction in a closed space .The concentration of reactants and products no longer changes.
• What happens when the rate of the backwards reactions starts to occur?

  Some reactions have been used up to the concentration of reactants has decreased. Thus there are less collisions between the reactants so the rate of the forward reaction has decreased. A few products have been made to the rate of the backwards reaction begins, but it is slow as a concentration of products made is low.
• What happens when the backwards reaction increases

  Even more reactants are used up to the rate of the Forge reaction decreases even more more products are made so they are more collisions between the products of the the rate of the background reaction increases
• What is dynamic equilibrium defined as

  When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so that the concentration of the reactants and products do not change anymore in a close system
• Add equilibrium are the concentrations of the reactants and products equal to each other


  No, the concentrations are unchanged that equilibrium, but not necessarily equal to each other
• What is Le Chatelier's principle?

  If I dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change
• What factors affect the position of equilibrium

  temperature, pressure, (gaseous systems ) concentration
• Catalysts


  Catalysts do not affect the equilibrium position catalysts only increased the rate of both the forward and reverse reaction by the same amount

  The same equilibrium position is reached in a shorter time
• What happens if the concentration of a substance has changed?

  The equilibrium will move to the side that cancels out the change in the concentration made
• What happens if the concentration of the reactants increases?

  Equilibrium shifts to the right to decrease the concentration
• What happens if the concentration of the product increases?

  The equilibrium shifts towards the left to decrease the concentration
• What happens when you decrease the concentration of the reactants?


  The equilibrium will shift to the left to make more of the reactants
• What happens when the concentration of the products decreases


  The equilibrium will shift to the right to make more products
• What happens if their reactions endothermic in the forward reaction

  As the reaction goes forward, it becomes colder
• What happens if the reaction is done at a higher temperature?

  Their reaction will move in the direction to decrease the temperature
• What happens if the reaction is exothermic in the forward direction?

  As the reaction goes forward, it becomes hotter
• What happens if the reaction is done at a higher temperature?

  The reactional moving the direction to decrease the temperature
• What happens if the reaction is done at a lower temperature?

  The reactional mover in the direction to increase the temperature
• What happens in pressure?

  We look at the number of gaseous reactants
• What happens when there are more gas molecules on the left?

  The reaction moves forward to decrease the pressure as there are less gas molecules on the right equilibrium position will move in the direction to decrease the pressure to decrease a gas molecules made so less pressure
• What happens if there are more gas molecules on the product side?

  As the reaction moves forward, the pressure will increase
• What happens if the reaction is done at a higher temperature?

  The equity broom position will shift to the left to make less gas molecules, so the pressure decreases again
• What is the number of gas molecules is the same on both sides?


  It won't affect the position of equilibrium the two sides will be favored
• Haber process

  Nitrogen+ hydrogen—->ammonia
• Symbol equation for formation of ammonia


  N2 + 3H2 (reversible) 2NH3
• Why is ammonium important?

  Ammonia is a raw material, used in the production of fertilizers
• Why do plants need fertilizer?

  They need nitrogen to grow healthily, but cannot absorb nitrogen, gas directly from the air nitrogen needs to be part of the compounds which can be readily absorbed through the roots. Ammonia contains nitrogen, and can be used to make ammonia nitrate found in fertilizers.
• What is some of the ammonia produced used for?

  For making nitric acid
• What else is ammonia used for?

  Manufacturing explosives
• What conditions are used at an industrial scale to make ammonia?

  We want to high yield of ammonia

  At a fast rate

  So make lots of ammonia, and make it as quickly as possible
• What else needs to be thought about when making ammonia

  Safety and energy costs
• In the haber process where is the nitrogen come from?

  From the air
• How do we obtain nitrogen from air?

  Fractional distillation
• From where do we obtain the hydrogen?

  Reacting, methane and steam

  METHANE
• Steam reforming symbol equation

  CH4(g) +H2O (g) —>using NiO catalyst andREVERSIBLE H2(g) CO(g)
• How else is hydrogen obtained?

  Electrolysis of seawater (brine)

  2H+(aq) +2e- —> H2 (g)

  2Cl-(aq)—> Cl2(g) + 2e-