Patterns and properties of metals

• Group one are called the alkali metals.
• The density of group one metals increases down the group, however potassium is the exception, being less dense than sodium.
• Metal + water --> Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• Aluminium is a light, strong metal and has good electrical conductivity.
• Aluminium is extracted from the ore bauxite by electrolysis.
• Aluminum is used in aircrafts because of its strength and low density.
• Aluminum is used in food containers because it can resist corrosion.
• Transition metals are strong and hard, have a high mpt and bpt, high densities, and are malleable and ductile.
• Transition metals are used in stained glass due to their different colors.
• Iron is a moderately reactive metal, but it will still react with steam or acids.
• Reactivity series (most to least): Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold, platinum
• Iron is extracted from the ore hematite.
• Aluminium - Potassium is extracted by electrolysis of molten ores
• Lead - Zinc is extracted through reduction of oxides with carbon
• Reduction of oxides with carbon is when sulfide ores are heated to give oxide
• Gold - Copper is extracted from the ground.
• Sodium - Magnesium burn very strongly in air to form oxide, react with cold water to give hydrogen, and react very strongly with dilute HCL to give hydrogen
• Aluminium - Iron burn less strongly in air to form oxide, react with steam when heated to give hydrogen, and react less strongly with dilute HCL to give hydrogen
• Lead and copper react slowly to form an oxide layer when heated, does not react with water, and does not react with dilute HCL
• Silver and gold do not react with air, water, or dilute HCL
• Reactive metals are good reducing agents.