Different stages of plant development

• During seed germination, the dormant seed absorbs water, the seed coat breaks, and the embryonic root (radicle) emerges first, followed by the shoot (plumule) that grows upward. This process initiates the plant's life cycle, transitioning the seed into a seedling capable of photosynthesis.
• In the seedling growth stage, the young plant develops its first true leaves, which are essential for photosynthesis, allowing the plant to produce its own food. The root system also begins to expand, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
• During vegetative growth, the plant focuses on increasing its biomass through the rapid growth of leaves, stems, and roots. This stage is characterized by the development of the plant's vegetative structures, enhancing its ability to photosynthesize and absorb resources, preparing it for reproduction.
• The reproductive development stage involves the formation of flowers, which are the reproductive organs of the plant. This stage includes flower bud formation, flowering, pollination, and fertilization, leading to the development of fruits and seeds that will disseminate for the next generation.
• Flowering is triggered by various environmental cues and internal signals, resulting in the bloom of flowers. Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower, which can be facilitated by wind, water, or pollinators like bees and birds.
• • After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit, which encloses the developing seeds. This stage ensures the protection, nourishment, and eventual dispersal of the seeds, which can occur through various mechanisms, including animal consumption, wind, and water.
• Senescence is the aging process where a plant or plant part (e.g., leaves, flowers) undergoes biochemical changes leading to death. Dormancy is a survival strategy where growth and physical activity are temporarily stopped, helping the plant to survive adverse conditions until favorable conditions return.