Paper 1

• What are microorganisms that cause disease called


  Pathogens
• what are the 4 types of pathogens

  Bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses
• How can pathogens be spread

  Water, air and through direct contact
• Examples of viruses 


  Measles, HIV, TMV
• How are measles spread 


  Through sneezing and coughing near people
• what are the symptoms of measles 


  Fever, red skin rash and can be fatal
• What prevention methods are there for measles 


  Painkillers, and vacations for young kids
• how is HIV spread


  Exchange of bodily fluids like, sexual contact and blood when drug users share needles
• What are the symptoms of HIV 


  at first flu like, virus attacks the body’s immune system which the causes AIDS
• How can you prevent HIV 


  antiretroviral drugs, barrier method of contraception and using clean needles
• Examples of bacteria 


  Salmonella and gonorrhoea
• how is salmonella spread 


  Bacteria in or on food being ingested
• what are the symptoms of salmonella


  fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
• How can salmonella be prevented 


  Poultry being vaccinated against it
• How is gonorrhoea spread 


  Direct sexual contact it’s and STD
• what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea 


  Thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis, pain when urinating
• How can gonorrhoea be prevented 


  Treatment with antibiotics and barrier methods of contraception
• An example of a fungi 


  Rose black spot
• How is the rose black spot spread 


  Through water and wind
• What are the symptoms of rose black spot 


  Purple or black spot on leaves, reduces the plants ability to photos
• How can rose black spot be prevented 


  Fungicides and affected leaves removed and destroyed
• an example of protists 


  Malaria
• what caused the spread of malaria

  Mosquitos feed on the blood of infected people then passes it on when they feed and someone who is not infected
• What are the symptoms of malaria

  Recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal
• how to prevent malaria 


  Prevent mosquito vectors breeding, mosquito nets to prevent bites and anti-malaria medicine
• How can you control the spread of communicable disease 


  Hygiene, isolation, controlling vectors and vaccinations
• how does hygiene control the spread of diseases

  Hand washing, disinfecting surfaces and machinery, keeping raw meet separate will help try and kill the diseases
• How do vaccinations work 


  They inject small quantities of dead or inactive forms of pathogens into the body, helps the body to create antibodies for them
• What is photosynthesis

  It is a chemical reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment as light from the sun to the leaves of a plant
• What type of reaction is this

  It is endothermic
• what absorbs the light energy

  Chlorophyll
• where is chlorophyll found

  In chloroplast
• What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis

  Temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, amount of chlorophyll
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis

  Carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen

  -is light
• What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis

  6CO2 + 6H2O - C6H12O6 + 6O2

  -is light
• Why is the rate of photosynthesis low at low temps

  As the reactant molecules have less kinetic energy
• Why is there a quick decrease of photosynthesis at higher temps

  As it is an enzyme-controlled reaction
• does carbon dioxide increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis. Why

  Increase. As it is used in photosynthesis
• Does light energy increase or decrease photosynthesis

  Increase
• What will happen if there is little light

  Photosynthesis will stop