unlawful act manslaughter

• there are 4 elements of unlawful act manslaughter
• 1. unlawful
  2. dangerous
  3. cause of death
  4. mens rea
• actus reus - death must be caused by an unlawful act
• franklin - civil wrong is not enough
• lowe - must be an act not an omission
• lamb - pointing a gun is not an assault
• actus reus - must be dangerous
• church - if a sober and reasonable person realises the unlawful act might cause some injury then the test is satisfied - doesnt matter that d didnt realise the risk
• larkin - act must be dangerous and doesnt need to be aimed at the victim
• mitchell - act must be dangerous and doesnt need to be aimed at the victim
• goodfellow - unlawful act can be aimed at a property
• dawson/watson - unlawful act must put v at risk of physical harm
• actus reus - cause of death
• factual cause - 'but for' test - paggett

  legal cause - more than minimal - kimsey

  no intervening acts - jordan
• dalby - self injection can break the chain of causation
• kennedy - self injection is an intervening act
• mens rea - d doesnt need to foresee death/injury

  also must have the mens rea for the other crime e.g theft mens rea
• newbury and jones - dont need to foresee harm - just need the mens rea