RP4: Test for ions

• Halide testing:

  1. Add water if not already aqueous
  2. Dilute nitric acid is added to the solution
  3. Add aqueous silver nitrate
  4. Precipitates will form
  5. Dilute aqueous ammonia dissolves AgCl
  6. Concentrated ammonia dissolves AgBr
• Ion: Ba2+

  Test - H2SO4

  Obs - White ppt
• Ion: SO42-

  Test - BaCl2

  Obs - White ppt
• Ion: Mg2+

  Test - NaOH

  Obs - white ppt
• Ion: OH-

  Test - MgCl2

  Obs - white ppt
• Ion: Cl -

  Test - AgNO3

  Obs - white ppt
• Ion: Br-

  Test - AgNO3

  Obs - cream ppt
• Ion: I-

  Test - AgNO3

  Obs: yellow ppt
• AgCl

  Test - dilute NH3

  Obs - AgCl dissolves
• AgBr

  Test - concentrated NH3

  Obs - AgBr dissolves
• Ion: NH4+

  Test - NaOH and heat

  Obs - NH3 released turns red litmus paper blue
• Ion: CO32-

  Test - HNO3 (or any acid)

  Obs - Effervescence (CO2 evolved)