Child Language Acquisition

• clipping?

  omitting final consonant
• substitution?


  difficult sound swapped. 4 types
• assimilation?


  making sounds the same throughout a word ie. lellow
• addition?


  extra vowel on end of word to form CVCV pattern ie. doggie
• reduplication?


  repeating syllable ie dada
• consonant cluster reduction?

  clusters reduced to smaller units
• deletion of unstressed syllables?

  ie. nana for banana, jamas for pyjamas
• metathesis?


  sounds correct but in wrong order ie vallina
• 4 types of substitution?

  fronting, stopping, gliding, deaffrication
• fronting?


  back of mouth sound swapped for front of mouth sound. ie. velar to alveolar/labial
• stopping?

  fricative/affricate sound replaced with stop sound
• gliding?


  liquid sounds (r,l) replaced with glide (w, /j/)
• deaffrication?


  affricate replaced with fricative ie ship for chip
• 'fis' phenomenon?


  child can understand an adults speech before they can produce their own speech
• Katherine Nelson's theory?

  4 categories of first words

  1. naming
  2. actions/events
  3. describing/modifying
  4. personal/social
• eve clark adjective theory?

  common adjectives early, spatial adjectives later
• hypernym?


  name of category
• hyponym?


  word within category
• Leslie Rescorla's overextension theory?

  3 categories

  1. categorical
  2. analogical
  3. mismatch
• Aitchison's stage theory?

  3 stages of lexical/semantic development

  1. labelling
  2. packaging
  3. network building
• Halliday's functions of speech?

  Instrumental, Regulatory, Interactional, Personal, Representational, Imaginative, Heuristic
• Dore's categories of speech?

  answering, calling, greeting, labelling, practising, protesting, repeating, requesting action
• 4 grammar stages?

  holophrastic, two-word, telegraphic, post-telegraphic
• John Braine?


  pivot schema, two-word phrases revolve around one developed word
• Roger Brown?

  two word stage combination patterns
• framing


  adult encourages child to fill in a gap
• recasting


  adult models the correct form after child error
• MKO


  more knowledgeable other
• Behaviourism


  children imitate. positive/negative reinforcement
• Skinner, Bandura

  Behaviourism
• Nativism


  Inbuilt capacity to acquire language. LAD, overgeneralisations
• Chomsky


  Nativism
• Social Interactionist

  Interaction crucial to development. Scaffolding, recasting
• Garvey, Bruner, Vygotsky


  Social Interactionist
• Cognitive


  language is part of wider cognitive growth
• Piaget


  Cognitive
• Usage-based


  Children learn pattern of language, may not understand semantically
• Tomasello


  Usage based
• overgeneralisation


  grammatical rule overapplied
• Berko


  Wug test - nativism