TCW

• Integration occurs when separate people or things are brought together, like the integration of students from all of the district's elementary schools at the new middle school, or the integration of snowboarding on all ski slopes. You may know the word differentiate, meaning "set apart." Integrate is its opposite.
• Market Integration is a situation in which separate markets for the same products become one single market. It is how easily two or more markets can trade with each other.
• BACKWARD VERTICAL Integration This involves acquiring a business operating earlier in the supply chain e.g. a retailer buys a wholesaler, a brewer buys a hop farm.
• FORWARD VERTICAL INTEGRATION

  This involves acquiring a business further up in the supply chain e.g. a vehicle manufacturer buys a car parts distributor.
• CONGLOMERATE INTEGRATION

  This involves the combination of firms that are involves in unrelated business activities.
• HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

  Here, business in the same industry and which operate at the same stage of the product process are combined. (Riley, 2018)
• International Financial Institutions Were founded by groups of countries to stimulate public and private investment and promote economic and social development in developing and transitioning countries. They offer long-term, low interests loans, and grants to finance projects run by government or even the private sector.
• The International Monetary Fund's.

  purpose is to promote international monetary cooperation and the multilateral system of payments.
• The World Bank. is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of poorer countries for the purpose of capital projects. The WB is an intergovernmental institution. Its aim is to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity in a sustainable way.
• THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD) - Lends to governments of middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries.
• THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (IDA) Provides interest-free loans, called credits, to governments of the poorest countries.
• THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC) Lends to the private sector developing countries.
• THE MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY (MIGA) Provides guarantees to investors in developing countries against losses caused by non-commercial risks.
• THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES (ICSID) Provides international facilities for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes
• The Bretton Woods Agreement System was negotiated in July 1944 to establish a new international monetary system.
• THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE (GATT)

  • Sign into law on Jan. 1, 1948 with 23 countries after World War II to regulate world trade in an effort to aid economic recovery.
• THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION(WTO)• Established in Uruguay in 1986 and replaced GATT in 1995
• A global company is generally referred to as a multinational corporation (MNC). An MNC is a company that operates in two or more countries, leveraging the global environment to approach varying markets in attaining revenue generation.
• PUBLIC RELATIONS: Public image and branding are critical components of all components of most business. Building this public relations potential in a new geographic region is an enormous challenge, both in effectively localizing the message and in the capital expenditures necessary to create momentum.
• ETHICS: Arguably the most substantial of the challenges faced by MNC's, ethics have historically played a dramatic role in the success or failure of global players.
• ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES Another significant hurdle is the ability to efficiently and effectively incorporate new regions new within the value chain and corporate structure rate structure. International expansion requires enormous capital investments in many cases, along with th development of a specific strategic business un (SBU) in order to manage these accounts and operations. Finding a way to capture value despite this fixed organizational investment is an important initiative for global corporations.
• LEADERSHIP: The final factor worth noting is attaining effective leaders with the appropriate knowledge base to approach a given geographic market. There are differences in strategies and approaches in every geographic location worldwide, and attracting talented managers with high intercultural competence is a critical step in developing an efficient global strategy.
• Cost Leadership. This strategy refers to the proper management of costs associated with development, production, and marketing of a product.
• Differentiation. Global corporations are capable of producing products that consumers perceive as peculiar.
• focus

  strategy makes sure of the product's. exact positioning in the market. Global corporations are highly knowledgeable of the people they are selling their products to and the needs and wants of their target market.