TLE week 1 - ?

• Plant Propagation - is the process of reprodusing or creating a new plant or seedling
• Plants can grow either through roots, stems, and leaves or their flowers, fruits, and seeds
• Methods of Planting

  1. Direct-seeding - is a method of planting seeds directly into the ground or plot
  2. Indirect or Transplanting Method - planting seeds in a seed box or plastic container
  3. Seed Germination - the development of a seed into a young plant that influence harvest and the quality of tree product
  4. Preparation of seedlings before transplanting - the seedling is transferred from the seed box or other containers to the ground or plot for growth, development, and production
• Climate - the most important factor affecting the growth of trees
• Temperature - refers to the degree of coldness and hotness of atmosphere at a certain period of time
• Sunlight - main energy provider in the process of food, manufacture in the plant kingdom
• Rainfall - water supply needed by plants for photosynthesis
• Soil - a primary growing medium for plants
• Mineral Soil - composed of organic substances while varying amounts of decaying organic matter
• Organic Soil - is formed from partly decayed plant materials
• Water - serves as a solvent for the nutrients from soil
• Proper way of planting trees and fruit bearing trees

  1. Deep hole method
  2. Slit method
• Marcotting or Air Layering - allows you to root branches while still attached to the parent plant
• Grafting - a new plant is grown by insecting a scion into the stock so that they will form a union and row together
• Grafting - joining two different parts together, usually done by cutting off part of one plant and attaching it to another.
• Scion - a section of plant or branch with three or four leaf buds joined to a stock in grafting
• Rootstock - a part of a tree which becoimes the root system of a grafted tree
• Budding - the process by which a scion is inserted into the rootstock to unite and grow as one
• Square System - keeps the same distance between rows and plants in the same row where trees are planted in four corners
• Common types of orchards

  • Banana Plantation
  • Citrus (Calamansi) Plantation
  • Mango Plantation
  • Durian Plantation
  • Palm trees Plantation
  • Coconut Plantation
• Types of plants suitable for orchard gardening based on location

  • Hill Side - Coconut, Mango, Pili Nut, Palm Tree
  • Sloping area - Mango, Cashew, Palm Tree, Pili Nut, Papaya, Banana, Mangosteen
  • In the valley - Durian, Papaya, Banana, Mangosteen
  • Plains - Banana, Mango, Citrus, Dragon Fruit, Jackfruit, Guara, Star Apple, Suntol, Coconut
• Quincunx or Diagonal System


  A tree is planted in the center of each square making the number of planted trees double while distancs between trees is reduced
• In Quincunx System, what tree is called if it's placed in the center?

  Filler crop
• In Quincunx or Diagonal System, what are the trees called in the four corners of the square?

  Main crops
• Hexagonal System


  Uses the equilateral triangle as pattern in planting trees
• Contour System


  Uses hills such as slope to plant orchards
• Rectangular System


  Planted similarly with square system aside from the distance between the rows are more than the distance betwen the plants in the same row
• Spade


  Used in tight spaces and perfect for digging holes for plants and bushes
• Hoe


  Is used in digging and breaking hard and dry soil
• Rake


  A long handled tool having a bar at one end with teeth in. It is used for even spreading of soil or leveling the soil
• Water sprinkler


  Is a container with small holes on the spout to sprinkle water on the plants
• Off-barring


  Cultivating the soil in rows
• Hilling-up


  Cultivating the soil towards the base of the plant
• Natural watering of plants


  Providing water of plants through rain
• Manual watering of plants


  The use of water pail and dipper or water sprinkler
• Artificial watering of plants


  Produced from deep well, dams and river with the use of water motor pump
• Organic Fertilizer


  A natural fertilizer from decayed matter, animal, and other natural sources
• Inorganic Fertilizer


  An artificial fertilizer made from chemicals (either in liquid, soluble, and granular form)
• Organic fertilizers


  • Contain a high percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium which are necessary elements for the growth of plants
• Humus


  Decayed matter from plants and animals mixed with soil