Philo11-L2

• Reality refers to the state of existence of things independent of human consciousness
• Philosophers believe in the existence of an "objective and absolute" reality. Which means that everything that exists in reality has a specific nature or character.
• Man has the ability to sense and perceive reality. Which means that man has rationality.
• Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions regarding reality
• Ontology focuses on the classification of existing things. Study of existence.
• Certainty refers to perfect knowledge that is free from error or doubt
• Truth is the central concept in the question of certainty
• Rationalism is a theory on knowledge which believes that knowledge is a priori knowledge or based on pure reasoning without the benefit of any experience
• Empiricism is based on a posteriori knowledge or knowledge after experience
• Skepticism believes that all knowledge is uncertain
• Epistemology addresses the question of knowledge and how we know what we know. Study of knowledge
• Question of Causality focuses on the causes of events and phenomena
• Determinism is an important perspective regarding causality and agency
• Ethics deals with the standards of right and wrong. It also govern reasoning and action
• Ethics seeks to formulate a set of standards and norms of "acceptable", "correct", and "good" behavior
• Moral Philosophy applies and analyzes ethical concepts in various situations, contexts, and cultures. It is a guideline that govern the decisions and actions of people
• systematic doubt employ skeptical attitude and analyze questions to determine its validity or truthfulness.
• Argument- Philosophers engage in discussion and debate on their ideas
• dialectic analyze varied ideas and perspectives to form new ideas and information
• Socratic method analyze a topic by formulating a series of questions. it is just talking with someone or exchanging pov’s. or asking questions and answering questions. Example is a teacher asking questions and students will engage by answering it.
• Axioms are assumptions taken for granted in philosophical discussions. They provide foundation and direction in philosophy
• Occam's Razor states that among possible explanations, the one with the least assumptions is the most acceptable
• Formal logic is a systematic analysis of the validity of arguments and statements. proving the truthfulness of something
• Allegories are imagined scenarios used to illustrate a certain problem or describe a theory.uses Idiomatic expressions
• Philosophy requires analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems
• Problem-solving and decision-making are important aspects that benefit from knowledge of Philosophy
• Philosophy contributes to self-development and attaining wisdom
• Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development
• reality includes tangible and intangible things including things that we cannot perceive and comprehend.
• Concrete and abstract reality- general categories. It is tangible and intangible reality.
• Knowledge - what man is able to know
• Destiny - fixed outcome
• Etiology- study of cause
• Teleology- study of purpose
• It uses syllogisms or logical arguments presented as series of related statements.


  Formal logic
• Formal logic uses 


  Syllogism or logical argument
• Origin - source of something
• Purpose - reason why a specific thing exist.
• Ultimate cause - final purpose, final cause, final reason, final destination why we are here on earth.
• Agency- ability to govern and control our action. Good and bad are based on yourself