Phylum Porifera

• Phylum Porifera is composed of?

  Sponges
• What is a Porifera's common name?

  Sponges
• What is a Porifera's symmetry?

  Asymmetrical
• What is the level of organization?

  Tissue (no organs)
• Where did it first belonged to?

  Lowest form of metazoans
• Current group?


  Parazoa
• What is a porifera's morphology?

  Irregular, globose, cylindrical, with/out branching, some with massive lime encrustations at base
• How many layers do they have?

  Diploblastic
• What are the 3 distinct layers of porifera?

  Pinacoderm, Mesohyl/mesenchyme, Choanoderm
• What is the integument of a porifera?

  composed of 1 layer known as pinacoderm
• What is the muscular system of porifera?

  Has loose fibers
• Where are the muscles usually found?

  Oral/mouth
• What are the cells in the muscular system of porifera?

  Myocytes
• What is the skeletal system of a porifera?

  Endoskeletal
• Where is the skeletal system found?

  Located in the middle layer
• What are the components of the skeletal layer of porifera?

  Spongin and Spicules
• What are spicules?


  main solid supporting structure of sponges
• What are the chemicals found in a spicule?

  Calcium and Silicone
• What are the sizes of a spicule?

  Megasclere and Microsclere
• What are Spongins?

  Protein layer
• What does a spongin fiber have?

  net-like mesh in mesohyl
• What is the respiratory system of a porifera?


  None
• How does the porifera breathe?

  Simple diffusion
• What are contractile cells?

  Cells for contractions
• What are the 2 sets of contractile cells?

  Pinacocytes and myoctes
• How do they acquire nutrients?

  through filtration followed by absorption and phagocytosis
• How does the digestive system of porifera work?

  brought in but not consumed
• What are amoebocytes?

  For digestion, capable of movement and distributes materials in process
• Where are the amoebocytes found?

  Mesohyl
• What are loose nerve fibers?

  Elicits localized responses
• How do porifera reproduce?

  Sexually and asexually
• How do they sexually reproduce?

  Gamete fusion
• What is the difference between female and male gametes?

  Male gametes are flagellated while female gametes are not
• How do they asexually reproduce?

  Budding and gemule formation/regeneration
• What is in their excretory system?


  None
• How do they excrete?

  Diffusion
• What is in their nervous sytem?


  None
• How do they respond?

  No systematic response, localized only through loose fibers in the body
• What is in their circulatory system?


  3 canal types
• What are the canal types?


  Asconoid, Synconoid, Leuconoid