Organic Chemistry (Laboratory)

• Organic compounds are flammable, while inorganic compounds are not
• Organic compounds have a low melting point, while inorganic compounds have a high melting point
• Organic compounds have a low boiling point, while inorganic compounds have a high boiling point
• Organic compounds are generally not soluble in water, while inorganic compounds are
• Organic compounds are soluble in non-polar liquids, while inorganic compounds are not
• Organic compounds have covalent bonding, while inorganic compounds have ionic bonding
• Reactions in organic compounds occur between molecules, while inorganic compounds react between ions
• Organic compounds have many atoms per molecule, while inorganic compounds have few
• Organic compounds have complex structures, while inorganic compounds have simple structures
• Organic compounds are non-electrolytes, while inorganic compounds are electrolytes
• Carbon and hydrogen are predominant elements found in organic compounds
• Next common elements in organic compounds are oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Least common elements in organic compounds include arsenic, antimony, mercury, and other metals
• The presence of carbon is indicated by the formation of white precipitation
• The presence of hydrogen is indicated by the formation of droplets of water in the cool end of the tube
• The Beilstein test confirms the presence of a halogen in the solution
• A copper wire is dipped into the halogen-containing solution and thrust into a flame to produce a blue-green color if a halogen is present
• Benzoic acid shows a positive result in the Ferrox test by producing a red to reddish-purple coloration of the solution
• Hexane and naphthalene show a negative result in the Ferrox test due to their lack of oxygen
• A positive test in the Lead acetate test is represented by the formation of a black precipitate at the bottom of the test tube, indicating the presence of cysteine or cystine
• Sublimation is the direct conversion of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state
• It involves gentle heating of the mixture in a confined container until the component with high vapor pressure changes into vapor phase
• As a purification process, sublimation depends on the difference in volatility, leaving less volatile or non-volatile impurities as residue
• Extraction involves the use of two immiscible solvents to withdraw substances from a mixture
• It includes decantation and filtration to separate components
• Water is usually one of the solvents used in the extraction process
• Diethyl ether is extensively used as an extracting solvent due to its high solvent power for hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing compounds
• Chromatography is an analytical technique used to separate the components of a mixture
• All forms of chromatography have a stationary phase and a mobile phase
• Paper chromatography uses absorbent paper as the stationary phase and a liquid solvent as the mobile phase
• Chromatography works based on molecules being absorbed onto the stationary phase at different rates, causing separation of the mixture
• Different compounds travel at different rates based on solubility and attraction to the stationary phase
• Decolorization refers to the method of removing brightly colored organic impurities from the sample mixture
• Colorless solution is the result in the decolorization of brown sugar.
• Sucrose had a positive result in the Charring Test
• Sodium chloride and Calcium carbonate had a negative result in Charring Test
• Naphthalene is soluble in petroleum ether
• Urea and sodium chloride are insoluble in ether.
• Naphthalene in insoluble in water.
• When carbon dioxide gets trapped in lime water, it results to calcium carbonate and water.