W7: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

• Social group can be defined as a collection of people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense of common identity.
• Primary - Small, characterized by long lasting intimate relationship
• Can be large or small, common interests bind the members together

  Secondary
• Social groups to which an individual feels he or she belongs

  In-group
• Social groups that an individual does not identify with

  Out-group
• Groupthink

  • Groups and how they behave are not necessarily categorized in terms of membership, actual as in the primary and secondary group, or imagined as in the reference groups.
  • They may be categorized in terms of how they are linked to actual or imagined groups. It also forms by some personal, economic, religious, or political reasons.
• • Groups may influence their members in a variety of ways, from their thinking to their actual behavior. This may lead to the term groupthink in

  which they ignore ways of thinking and actions that go against the group. It is also the influence that drives us to make decisions to that agree to the group.
• A social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society.

  Kinship
• • Kinship by birth or blood affinity
  • From the Latin “sanguis” which means blood

  Consanguineal kinship
• A biological relationship

  Descent
• Refers to the line where one’s descent is traced

  ● Unilineal – single line of ancestors from either the male and female line (patrilineal or matrilineal)

  ● Bilateral – both ancestral lines of mother and father

  Lineage
• marriage in their own village, community, ethnic, social or religious group.

  Endogamy
• marriage custom where an individual marries outside of their own group or community.

  Exogamy
• one partner

  monogamy
• more than one partner

  polygamy
• matchmaking

  Referred Marriage
• community leaders or families decide the marital partner of an individual

  Arranged Marriage
• • The basic unit of society. It is made up of a group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.

  Family
• Share common residence, presence of economic cooperation, reproduce offspring, approval of sexual relationship, responsibility for the socialization of infants and children (Murdock, 1949)
• Family is

  • Group of individuals wherein the relationship is based on consanguinity and kinship (Davis,1997)
  • Factory that develops and produces human personalities (Parsons, 1943)
  • Institution that passes down the cultural traditions of a society to the next generation (Malinowski, 1913)
• Theories of Family

  Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, Symbolic Interactionist Theory
• Family is important because it performs different roles for society.

  1. Agent of socialization

  2. Provides emotional and practical support for family members

  3. Control sexual activity and sexual reproduction

  4. Provides family members with social identity

  Structural Functionalism
• Family is a cause of social inequality because it strengthens economic inequality and allows the continuity of patriarchy

  Conflict theory
• The family members’ interaction can produce a shared understanding of their situations.

  Symbolic Interactionist Theory
• Types of families

  Nuclear, extended, blended family
• • It is a type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties

  Nuclear
• – can be considered with other members such as relatives, two or more nuclear families related to each other, or other persons that are related to those families

  extended
• parents have a child or children from previous marital relationships

  Blended family
• composed of a father , mother, and children

  FAMILY
• group of families who claim descent from a common ancestor

  CLAN
• clans united by ties of common descent, customs, and traditions, adhering to the same leader.

  TRIBE
• group of tribes bound together by common social origin, language, customs, and traditions, living in a particular territory headed by a government

  NATION
• civil society organization: universities, schools, colleges, private think tanks, polling firms, consultancy groups

  Academic and Science-Based Organizations
• CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION: provide conduits for information and policy


  Mass Media
• CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION: provide effective venues for commentary and issue advocacy for moralizing issues.


  Religious Organizations
• CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION: advocacy and facilitator of policies, particularly in a community level.


  Non-governmental Organizations
• CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION: grassroots-based organizations composed of people who are directly involved in the community

  People’s Organizations