Pr1

• Major characteristics of research:

  • Empirical: based on direct observations/experiences and experiments of theories
  • Systematic: follows orderly and sequential procedures based on valid principles
  • Controlled: all variables, except those tested, are kept constant
  • Employs Hypothesis: involves searching for facts, answers, and solutions
  • Analytical: shows analytical procedures in data gathering
  • Objective: unbiased and logical, findings based on real-life situations
  • Original Work: requires its own examination and produces necessary data
• Involved in the Research Processes:

  • Formulating Hypothesis: clear statement of what is intended to be investigated
  • Research Design: overall strategy to integrate study components coherently
  • Collecting Data: readiness to gather data and sources
  • Analyzing Data: understanding how data answers research queries
  • Interpret and Report: implications of the results
• Ethical Codes and Policies for Research:

  • Encompasses moral principles and values for researchers to uphold
  • Protects rights, welfare, and dignity of research participants
  • Ensures integrity and credibility of research findings
  • Promotes responsible conduct of research
• Ethical Codes and Policies for Research (Resnik, 2007):

  • Honesty: honestly report data, results, methods, and procedures
  • Objectivity: strive to avoid bias in all aspects of research
  • Integrity: keep promises and act with sincerity
  • Carefulness: avoid errors and negligence, keep good records
  • Openness: share data, results, ideas, and resources
  • Respect for Intellectual Property: honor patents, copyrights, and give credit
  • Confidentiality: protect confidential communications and records
  • Responsible Publication: publish to advance research and scholarship
• Research Misconducts:

  • Fabrication: making up data or results
  • Falsification: manipulating research materials or changing data
  • Plagiarism: appropriation of another person's ideas without credit
• Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications"
• Research plays essential roles in initiating inquiry, facilitating problem-solving through a formal process, following a set of procedures and stages, and engaging in interactive exploration to generate new knowledge, insights, and understanding
• Research serves as a structured and systematic approach to investigating questions, addressing problems, and advancing knowledge in various fields of study
• Research provides a solid foundation for:

  • Discovery and creation of knowledge, theory building
  • Testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge
  • Advancement and improvements in various aspects of life
• Cultural research on Filipino festivals can contribute to broader discussions about cultural preservation, tourism development, sustainable heritage management, and the interplay between tradition and modernity in contemporary Filipino society
• Research provides valuable insights, data, and strategies that fuel business innovation and competitiveness
• Research provides crucial data and solutions to understand and mitigate environmental issues, such as climate change and habitat loss
• Research provides insights into diseases, treatments, and medical technologies, leading to improved healthcare outcomes
• According to a seminal study by Koller, D., Ng, A., Chuong Do, C., Chen, Z., et al. (2013), the development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has brought about a significant transformation in education
• Qualitative research is a method used to understand people's attitudes, beliefs, experiences, or behaviors
• Involves non-numerical data often gathered through methods like interviews, focus group discussion, or observations
• Aims to quantify relationships, patterns, and variables through measurement and statistical analysis
• Uses methods like surveys, experiments, and structured observations to collect numerical data from large samples
• Research is a systematic investigation for information
• It is a process of inquiring
• Provides a structured framework for generating, analyzing, and interpreting data to uncover insights, test hypotheses, and validate theories
• Through research, individuals and institutions can explore complex issues, identify root causes of problems, and develop evidence-based solutions
• Inquiry is defined as "a seeking for truth, information or knowledge"
• Begins with gathering information and data through applying various human senses
• Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions
• To gather information
• To make changes
• To improve the standard of living
• For a safer life
• To know the truth
• To explore our history
• To understand arts
• Inquiry vs. Research
• Inquiry is synonymous with investigation, asking questions to probe or examine something for truth, information, or knowledge
• Research is systematic, objective creation of knowledge, systematic, objective, knowledge creation
• The best person to ask for help in conducting research may be someone who combines both experience and expertise in the relevant domain
• Researchers should consider their specific needs and objectives when seeking assistance
• Reasons for conducting research
• Contributes to the expansion of knowledge by exploring new ideas, phenomena, and concepts across various fields and disciplines
• Helps address unanswered questions, solve problems, and explore solutions to challenges in diverse areas such as science, technology, healthcare, economics, social sciences, and humanities