Alliances

• The Dual Alliance (1879):

  • A binding military alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary
  • Required each signatory to support the other if one was attacked by Russia
• The Triple Alliance (1882):

  • A three-way alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
  • Motivated chiefly by anti-French and anti-Russian suspicions and sentiment
  • Each signatory required to provide military support to the others if one was attacked by two other powers or if Germany and Italy were attacked by France
• The Franco-Russian Alliance/Dual Entente (1894):

  • A military alliance between France and Russia
  • Restored cordial relations between the two imperial powers
  • Response to the Triple Alliance
  • Provided economic benefits to both signatory nations, giving Russia access to French loans and providing French capitalists with access to Russian mining, industry, and raw materials
• The Entente Cordiale (1904):

  • Series of negotiations and agreements between Britain and France
  • Ended a century of hostility between the two cross-channel neighbours
  • Resolved colonial disagreements and other minor disputes
  • Not a military alliance but seen as the first step towards an Anglo-French military alliance
• The Anglo-Russian Entente (1907):

  • Agreement between Britain and Russia
  • Eased tensions and restored good relations between London and Saint Petersburg
  • Resolved several points of disagreement
  • Did not involve any military commitment or support
• The Triple Entente (1907):

  • Consolidated the Entente Cordiale and the Anglo-Russian Entente into a three-way agreement between Britain, France, and Russia
  • Marked the end of British neutrality and isolationism
  • Not a military alliance but significant in international relations
• An alliance is a relationship among people, groups or countries that have joined together for mutual benefits or to achieve a common purpose
• Triple Entente solidified (1914)

  • Britian, France, and Russia agree not to sign seperate peace treaties, further solidifying their cooperration again the Central Powers (triple alliance).